4
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flDar^lan5 State pbarmaceutical association.
^ourtssnth
Annual
* 'pToceedin£s.
JBalttmore, ^as I3tb, I4tb anb I5tb, 1896.
INCLUDING
MINUTES, PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS, REPORTS OF
COMMITTEES AND PAPERS READ,
ALSO
LIST OF OFFICERS AND MEMBERS.
BALTIMORE.
OFFICERS FOR 1896-7.
H. B. GILPIN, Presideyit, P. O. Drawer 248, Baltimore.
ROBT. S. Me KINNEY, First Vice-President^ Taneytown, Md.
STEINER SCHLEY, Second Vice-Preside7it, Frederick, Md.
THOS. H. JENKINS, Third Vice-President^ Easton, Md.
HENRY MAISCH, Secretary, 1342 Penna. Ave., Baltimore.
DAVID M. R. CULBRETH, M. D. Treasurer, 203 E. Preston St.
Baltimore.
PAST OFFICERS.
Presidents.
1883— J. J. Thomsen.
^884— D. C. Aughinbaugh.
^885— Edwin Eareckson, M. D.
-1886— A. J. Corning.
1887— William Simon, M. D.
1888— J. Walter Hodges.
1889 — M. L. Byers.
1890 — E. M. Forman.
1891— Columbus V. Emich.
1892 — ^John Briscoe, M. D.
1894 — ^John F. Hancock.
1895— Henry P. Hynson.
1st Vice-Presidents.
1883— C. W. Crawford.
1884— Steiner Schley.
1885 — Levin D. Collier.
1886— Jos. B. Boyle.
1887— C. W. Crawford.
1888— C. H. Redden.
2nd Vice
1883— Thos. W. Shryer.
1884— A. J. Corning.
1885— Henry T. Wooters.
1886—
1887— J. Walter Hodges.
1888— J. F. Leary.
3rd
1889 — D. M. R. Culbreth, M. D.
1890— Charles Caspari.
1891 — John Briscoe, M. D.
1S92 — T. W. Smith.
1894 — Henry P. Hynson.
1895— J. W. Cook.
Presidents.
1889 -Jos. B. Garrott.
1S90 — D. C. Aughinbaugh.
1891 — F. A. Harrison.
1892— J. Fuller Frames.
1894 — C. B. Henkel.
1895— Geo. E. Pearce.
-Presidents.
1883— Hugh Duffy.
1884— Levin D. Collier.
1885— T. W. Smith.
1886— J Walter Hodges.
1887 — Henry A. Elliott.
1888— John Briscoe, M. D,
1889— E. M. Forman.
1890 — ^J. H. Hancock.
1891— J. E. Henry.
1892— C. B. Henkel.
1894— George E. Pearce.
1895— J. W. Smith.
Secretaries.
1883 — ^John W. Geiger. i884-88 — M. L. Byers.
188^4— John W. Geiger. 1895— J. H. Hancock.
Treasurers.
1883-85— E. Walton Russell. 1886-94— Sam’l Mansfield.
1895-96— Henry B. Gilpin.
COMMITTEES.
Executive.
H. P. HYNSON, Chairman^ Baltimore.
CHAS. E. DOHiME, Baltimore. JNO. C. MUTH, Baltimore.
Legislative.
J. W. Cook, Chairman^ Hagerstown.
A. J. Corning, Baltimore.
J. O. V. Truitt, Salisbury.
Thos. G. Forward, Bel Air.
Dr. C. B. Henkle, Annapolis.
L. H. Dielman, New Windsor.
J. H. Marley, Towson.
E. M. Forman, Centreville.
J. E. Henry, East New Market.
C. W. Crawford, Gaithersburg.
Colin F. Stam, Chestertown.
W. S. Merrick, Trappe.
Geo. E. Pearce, Frostburg.
A. G. Sturgis, Oakland.
John Lowe Moore, North East.
T. W. Smith, Ridgeley.
Omar A. Jones, Princess Anne.
Steiner Schley, Frederick.
Pharmacy.
John F. Hancock, Chair^nan, Baltimore.
W. C. Powell, Snowhill. A. R. L. Dohme, Baltimore-
J. N. Gilbert, Annapolis. John M. Weisel, Baltimore.
Trade Interest.
Albert E. Thompson, Chairman, Baltimore.
J. C. Henry, Easton. • C. H. Ware, Baltimore.
R. H. Whitworth, Westernport. J. H. Winkelmann, Baltimore.
Business.
D. C. Aughinbaugh, Chairman, Hagerstown.
Alonzo Thomsen, Baltimore. J. G. Hermann, Cumberland.
H. R. Steiner, Frederick. Sam’l Mansfield, Baltimore.
Laws.
Prof. Wm. Simon, Chairman, Baltimore.
Chas. H. R. Waters, Centreville. Chas. Caspar!, Jr., Baltimore,
Entertainment.
I. E. Emerson, Chairman, Baltimore.
J. Webb Foster, Baltimore. Louis Dohme, Baltimore.
Geo. L. Muth, “ H. I. Thomsen, “
Harry Winkelmann, “ Wm, Caspar!, “
Next Annual Meeting,
“ Plimhimon,” Ocean City, July 14, 15 and 16th,
1897.
• DELEGATKS TO • .
American Pharmaceutical Association.
CHas. Caspari, Jr.,
Baltimore, Md.
John F. Hancock,
( c C (
Steiner Schley,
Frederick, Md.
Henry P. Hynson,
Baltimore, Md.
A. R. L. Dohme,
«< (i
. . . DELEGATES TO • • •
The Pennsylvania State Pharmaceutical Meeting.
John F. Hancock,
Baltimore, Md.
D. C. Aughinbaugh,
Hagerstown, Md.
Dr. D. M. R. Culbreth,
Baltimore, Md.
. . . DELEGATES TO • •
The Virginia State Pharmaceutical Meeting.
Chas. Caspari,
Baltimore, Md.
H. P. Hynson,
(( (i
Geo. W. Truitt,
a < f
. . DELEGATES TO • • .
The District of Columbia Pharmaceutical Meeting.
Steiner Schley,
Frederick, Md.
John H. Hancock,
Baltimore, Md.
Joseph B. Boyle,
Westminster, Md.
dfourteentb annual proccebings
.... ot tbe ....
fD>ar?Ian5 State pbarmaceuttcal aasociation.
Baltimore, May 13, 1896.
The Association met in the parlor of the Carrollton Hotel.
Some of the members present were : President H. P. Hynson,
Secretary John H. Hancock, J. F. Leary, W. E. Row’ens, Chas. H.
Ware, James R. Waters, John H. Zwanzger, J. D. Brown, Thos. W,
Wickes, A. A. Quandt, Henry Maisch, Steiner Schley, Chas.
Caspar!, Jr., Louis Schulze, John A. Davis, J. Fuller Frames, Charles
C. Walts, Robt S. McKinney, J. E. Henry, D. C, Aughinbaugh,
H. Duffy, W. Simon, Thos. H. Jenkins, David M. R. Culbreth,
J. F. Hancock, Columbus V. Emich, John Ayd, Daniel Base, Mary
A. Watts, Charles E. Dohme, Alfred R. L. Dohme, L. H. Dielmann,
John H. Winkelmann, H. Jarvis, N. Hynson Jennings, G. Clinton
Blades, Chas. Schmidt.
Among the visitors were Caswell A. Mayo, of New York ;
Prof. V. Coblentz, Ph. D., New York; Wm. Osier, M. D., Charles
R. Scarff, Baltimore ; James E. Dwinelle, M. D., Baltimore ; Charles
T. George, Harrisburg, Pa. ; J. H. Redsecker, Lebanon, Pa. ; J. M.
Peters, New York; Eugene F. Cordell, M. D., Baltimore, and S. W.
W. Schafhe, New York.
The Convention was called to order at eleven o’clock, A. M.^
President H. P. Hynson in the chair.
Drs. Wm. Osier, R. W. Johnson, I. E. Atkinson and J. W.
Chambers were announced as delegates from the Maryland State
Medical Chirurgical Faculty.
6 Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association.
The President welcomed the delegates in the following words: —
“ I extend to you all a very hearty welcome and to our visitors
every privilege I have the power to tender. I trust sufficient time will
be taken to transact whatever business that may come before the Asso¬
ciation deliberately, and without haste. We meet but once a year and
it is our duty to settle matters only after due consideration and thought.
The printed program is somewhat different from that designated by the
By-Laws. I would like to entertain a motion to the effect that the one
arranged by the committee shall be adopted for this meeting.”
Dr. Culbreth moved that the arrangements as mapped out by
.the committe be adopted. Motion was seconded and carried.
Roll call was next in order. On motion it was dispensed with
and each member requested to register his name at the Secretary’s
desk.
The Secretary read the minutes of the previous meeting, which
were adopted.
Dr. William Osier, representing the Maryland State Medical
and Chirurgical Faculty, was introduced and addressed the meeting
as follows :
“Mr. President and Members of the Maryland State Pharmaceuti-
•cal Association! — We constitute three links in a chain which consists
of four links only. Your President represents the first. The second is
represented by our friend Dohme the manufacturer. I represent the
third. The fourth, the undertaker, is not present. I am delighted in
looking over the programme to see how much you have here of inter¬
est to the medical profession. You must bear in mind, that probably,
we have a larger number of pharmacists within our ranks in this
country than you have ; that the pumber of physicians who actually
dispense their own medicines is very much greater than the number of
dispensing pharmacists. We, therefore, have a vital, living interest in
the problems which concern you. There are two thoughts which come
to my mind in connection with the whole question The first is, that
we, members of the medical profession, are becoming very largely
appendages of the wholesale drug houses. There was a time when
the dog wagged the tail, but now-a-days the tail wags the dog.
I have a number of friends who do not prescribe by any text
book or by what they think out, but according to the formulae of
Sharp & Dohme, Wyeth & Brother, McKesson & Robbins or some
other large house, treating the poor public at the dictation of the
wholesale pharmacist. The other thought is a very much more satis¬
factory one. It is to know, that the universities throughout the coun¬
try are waking up to the science of pharmacology. There are now at
Maryland State Pharmacentical Association.
7
least three fairly well equipped pharmacological laboratories in con¬
nection with the universities of this country, and within ten or twelve
years there will be a great many more. It is, indeed, a hopeful sign
to see these laboratories, for the study of the action of drugs, estab¬
lished in our large universities.
I beg leave to express to you, Mr. President, and to the Members
of this Body, fraternal greetings from the State Medical and Chirurgical
Faculty.”
The President thanked Dr. Osier for his attendance and Jcindly
greetings and added that the State Medical and Chirurgical Faculty
had appointed delegates to confer with the State Pharmaceutical
Association on matters about which both were concerned. He also
announced that Messrs. Redsecker and George were present, repre¬
senting the Pennsylvania State Pharmaceutical Society, and intro¬
duced them to the Association.
Mr. Redsecker. — “We come here, I am happy to say, to repre¬
sent the State of Pennsylvania. We believe that in many respects
Pennsylvania is the greatest State in the Union. It has the largest
city, not in numbers, of course, but in its homes, conveniences for
living, and in the amount of its manufactures. We have the largest
railroad corporation, — the best managed in the Union. Then there are
some other things in which I think we quite excel : we have one of the
best political organizations in the country ; we have larger republican
majorities than you have votes, in Maryland ; we have the best system
of bossism in the Union ; our political bosses are wonderful institutions.
If I go out of the drug business, I am going into politics, because in the
drug business one has to think ; not so in politics — the boss does the
thinking. The politician’s motto in business is that of the Light
Brigade :
“ Yours not to reason why, yours but to do and die.”
In Maryland sometimes you unhorse the bosses, not so in Penn¬
sylvania. We bow absolutely to them and do just as they say. Our
Pharmaceutical Association is one of the greatest in the Union. There¬
fore I am proud. Gentlemen of the Maryland Pharmaceutical Associa¬
tion, to be here to represent the Pennsylvania Pharmaceutical Associa¬
tion at your meeting. It is a happy day to me. I thought we had a
fine association in our State, and we do have very nice entertainments
at our meetings, but I must take off my hat to Maryland’s Association
after last night’s specimen of what you can do. We are not in it. We
have a very good organization, and have found it, as you have, a very
good thing to meet under one roof. We have been going to summer
resorts and getting our people together in one hotel, in this way our
social pleasures have been increased, by the very fact that we are
8
Maryland Slate Pharmaceutical Association.
together. We also admit ladies to our meetings, this makes these
occasions very attractive to us young fellows. Altogether we have
pleasant meetings, and I am come to-day bearing the greetings of our
Association to the Maryland Association, trusting that the day is not
very far distant when we shall have, somewhere on the borders of
Pennsylvania and Maryland, a joint meeting of the Pennsylvania and
Maryland Associations ; and what more pleasant place could there be
for both States than Pen-Mar ? There we could join forces and without
leaving our respective states, shake hands over the border line. I hope
that at>no distant day Pennsylvania and Maryland will be united in one
meeting.”
President Hynson. — “We are very much pleased with this ad¬
dress and I think it will be well, if during the meeting, some action
be taken in regard to a general meeting of the pharmacists of the two
States. We would like to hear from Mr. George.”
Mr. George. — “ Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Association ! —
It gives me a great deal of pleasure to meet with you to-day. I shall
be very glad to hear the reading and discussion of some of the impor¬
tant papers which are likely to come before this Association, especially
the one in reference to Pharmacy Law. You have about the same ideas
and difficulties that we in Pennsylvania are troubled with and I hope
that you will be better able to find a remedy than we have. One of our
difficulties has been to get all the pharmacists in the State to become
members of the Pharmaceutical Association. Naturally you are having
the same trouble in the State of Maryland. We have been unable to
get even one-fourth of our pharmacists, — in fact we have not one-tenth
of all, in the State. The Pharmaceutical Association would be a big
thing if we could accomplish this object. Then pharmaceutical legisla¬
tion would be an easy matter ; the solution of the cut rate system would
be a comparatively easy matter, if all the pharmacists of Maryland and
Pennsylvania were united in one Association. The great difficulty in
the way of the. greater success of retail pharmacists is the extreme
J’ealousy entertained, one toward another. That seems to be the great
stumbling block ; if it could be overcome and perfect amity could exist
among them in all the States of the Union, many more of these prob¬
lems could be easily solved adding to the improvement and advance¬
ment of pharmacy at large. I am not so much of a stranger in this
Association as I first thought, because I find in your midst some promi¬
nent pharmacists just as well known in the borders of Pennsylvania as
in Maryland, and not only there but through the whole length and
breadth of this land. Maryland may well boast of her eminent men.
I have often had the pleasure of meeting some of them, not only as
representatives to the Pennsylvania Association, but also as represen¬
tatives to the American Association in years past, and it has increased
my pleasure in this meeting to see them here on this occasion.
Maryland State Pharmacentical Association.
9
I heard some one say something in reference to Pennsylvania’s law.
A member of this Association, in conversation an hour ago, said he
wished you had as good a law for Maryland as the State of Pennsylva¬
nia has. It sounds very well to hear that, but I want to say to you that
the law of Pennsylvania is by no means a perfect law. The clause in
relation^ to the sale of patent medicines is an extremely weak portion of
the law and ought to be amended by all means. So should another, in
reference to the adulteration of drugs and chemicals. At first glance
3'ou would think that the Examining Board should have no difficulty
whatever in enforcing that section o/ the law and yet, it is the most dif'
ficult of all and one of the weakest articles of the Bill. Whilst the arti¬
cles in reference to registry and examination are fairly good, they are
not what they ought to be. We thought we were getting it splendidly
amended at one time. The former President of the Examining Board
took it to Governor Pattison to get him to sign the amendment.
“ Why, “he said, “ I don’t like to do it, I would like to please you, and
I am in perfect sympathy with the movement for pharmaceutical legis¬
lation, I believe it is the right thing to do, but I can only see it in this
light, that you will weaken your cause instead of strengthening it.”
He was right. While we cannot get everything we want at first, we
must be satisfied at the start with something that the representatives of
the people are willing to give, and gradually, year after year, we will
be able to strengthen any bill that may be at first approved by the rep¬
resentatives of the people. We must make a beginning and by degrees
strengthen the bill by proper legislation and in that way get a pharma¬
ceutical law brought finally to a higher standard for the pharamcists of
Maryland as well as Pennsylvania. I thank you for your patience, for
your kind reception, and I bear you the greetings of the Pharmaceuti¬
cal Association of the State of Pennsylvania.”
President Hynson. — “I congratulate the Pennsylvania Associa¬
tion upon the versatility of its delegates. I hesitated to call upon Mr.
George, thinking the first representative from that State had covered
the whole ground, but Mr. George has not been outdone by his col¬
league even though he followed him.”
The next thing in order was the recognition of visitors.
Prof. Culbreth moved that visiting pharmacists should be
allowed the privileges of the floor in all discussions. Motion sec¬
onded and carried.
The President stated that the Executive Committee had invited
the Associations throughout the country to send delegates to this
meeting and many kind acknowledgments had been made.
10 Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association.
The President presented a communication from Mr. Hallberg
on the subject of Education and Legislation, saying it was lengthy
and asked whether it was the pleasure of the convention to have it
come up at the proper time for the discussion of such matters, or at
once.
Prof Caspari moved to postpone the reading of the leUer and
have it read when pharmaceutical education was discussed. Motion
carried.
The next thing in order was applications for membership.
Those having applications were requested to hand them to Mr.
Jno. A. Davis of the Executive Committee.
Mr. Davis read the report :
The following applications have been received and acted upon
favorably by your Executive Committee, and it now wishes to present
them for your consideration :
Albert E. Thompson, Baltimore, Md.
J. Newton Gilbert, Annapolis, Md.
John B. Thomas, Baltimore, Md.
W. C. Powell, Snow Hill, Md.
James W. Westcott, Baltimore, Md.
Thos. W. Wickes, Chestertown, Md.
W. T. Hassinger, Vienna, Md.
Eugene Worthington, Annapolis, Md.
J. Thomas Holland, Centreville, Md.
J. A. Carnes, Cockeysville, Md.
Alfred R. L. Dohme, Baltimore, Md.
W. S. King, Baltimore, Md.
W. E. Rowen, Wye Mills, Md.
John H. Zwanzger, Baltimore, Md.
George G. Smith, Baltimore, Md.
J. Harry Stutt, Jr., Baltimore, Md.
C. C. Watts, Hagerstown, Md.
A. Weilepp, Baltimore, Md.
The following gentlemen were also proposed for membership :
James W. Swartz, Baltimore.
Jno. C. Muth, “
Jno. S. Muth, “
Louis Hoffstetter, “
Charles Schmidt, “
Maryland State Phannacentical Association.
II
Prof. Caspari moved that the Secretary cast an affirmative vote
for all the names recommended by the Executive Committee, and
proposed from the floor. Carried. Secretary announced all, duly
elected members.
The President’s Annual Address being next in order, Vice-
President Smith was called to the chair and Mr. Hynson read as
follows :
PRESIDEKT'S ADDRESS.
“ The mission of State Pharmaceutical Associations and the duties
of their members ” would be a suitable caption for such an address as
seems best fitted to fulfil the requirements of your by-laws, so far as
they relate to the duties of the president.
A year’s experience, however, of the executive officer of an associa¬
tion like this, carefully noted, together with the ooservations that may
be taken while following the courses over which his duties will lead
him, would, I am sure, make a paper of no little interest, one much
more readable than any effort of my own, based upon knowlege less
generally gathered or elaborated with the singularity of mere personal
deductions, could possibly be. ‘
In winning conspicious attention from the world, the actor upon
life’s real stage has invariably taken liberties with the conservative
rulings of the time — liberties with the established truths, which through
pricking, startling, perhaps, yet are soon stamped under foot by the
stern hard tread of fact— liberties with prevailing error, overpowering^
encouraging and resulting in a clearer light, a better day — liberties with
the law even, whereby a greater freedom is gained and a larger field is
flushed and made to yield a richer harvest. If then, I am tempted to
take liberties with the conventionalities surrounding annual addresses,
ambition must be my excuse, even tho’ it be a grevious fault. If too, I
beg this association to diverge from the well beaten tracts followed by
bodies of this kind and take liberties w'ith the usual methods and
plans, it will be, because I am sincerely anxious to help the association
thereby assisting Pharmacy and pharmacists. Organization, frater¬
nity, concentrated efforts, are the ends most desirable to attain. They
are themes harped upon continuall^q treated from ever/ point of view
imaginable, approved and commended in every instance and by every
one acknowledged to be the condition most needed to build up and
strengthen Pharmacy and to make the life of a pharmacist less burden¬
some. And yet just now when all other trades are closely welded
together in their most creditable associations, every other profession is
12
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association.
bound tightly as one, in its fraternal societies, when the whole commer¬
cial world is teeming with trusts and combinations, Pharmacists are
still content to hold apart, preferring to make the struggle alone,
fighting vainly the encroachments of every thing and every body mar¬
shalled against them, in well formed, thoroughly drilled bod es, — regu¬
larly organized armies.
This observation, so patent, so unmistakable, in its meaning
makes me exclaim impatiently, “ why can we not be like others, why
can we not follow examples, which have won successes ? ”
Looking beyond the present moment, forgetting personal ease,
living not for ourselves alone, sacrificing individual opinions and
respect for the majority are some of the avenues through which must
surely go those who would reach the general goal — Fraternal Organi¬
zation.
To attain this then will cost perhaps a reduction of present reve¬
nues or the contribution of funds. It will cost some moments of ease
or require a part of our busy days. It will cost the surrender of some
pet theory or the adoption of some other’s idea. It will cost a graceful
bow to the power of numbers or a hearty support of the rule that has
carried. Are we ready to pay the price? Does notour experiences
and observation teach us that such an investment will be most profit¬
able ? Go over the items of cost carefully and tell me in your future
actions, after a due consideration, you have concluded the object
worth the price.
Aye, my brothers, it is a matter of too great import, of too much
concern, too vital to be treated in this cold commercial way. Terms
of the battle are better suited to convey its truer meaning and when I
cry “ awake to the bugle call — to arms and with faces set firmly to the
front, keep on ! Forward ! Until you have won what you know you
deserve, what you have a right to demand, ” I believe I do the situa¬
tion fairer justice.
Organization means larger and more associations and then— what
then ? What are the missions of these associations ? The two-fold
nature of our vocation — the professional and commercial features
linked together renders the discovery the mission of a Pharmaceutical
Association difficult indeed.
To my mind there are but two courses to follow in its management
either of which will bring about a condition from which will follow
satisfactory results. It is scarcely necessary for me to call your atten¬
tion to the fact that there are pharmacists, who measure success by
entirely different standards — whose ambition leads their efforts into to¬
tally different channels. With these, who have singular motives, special
ideas, you will find quite a number versatile enough to be greatly inter¬
ested in, and concerned about both the professional and commercial
part of Pharmacy. It is true, however, let me repeat it, that there are
Marylajid State Pharmaceidical Association,
13
quite a number of our most prominent members, who have actually no
direct interest in the mercantile part of Pharmacy ; there are pharma¬
cists also who have no greater concern about pharmaceutical theories
than that which comes through an advantage they give them in the
commercial part, then besides these, are two other classes, which have
their separate interests, the jobber and the distinctive manufacturer.
While I admit all should be interested in the application of the
general sciences to pharmaceutical development and advancement
and own at once, that this is the common ground upon which all can
best stand, yet there are those whose tastes and best judgments do not
lead them even to regard this as profitable, and their wishes should be
consulted.
I have said there were only two courses to follow. Will any of you
agree with me that this must be a body devoted exclusively to scien¬
tific discoveries — to professional pharmacy, including, it may be,
efforts made toward securing proper legislation, if such legislation has
a strictly professional bearing, or shall it be a body holding together
three or four distinct sections compassing the interests of all con¬
cerned ? The latter plan appeals to me most strongly because by it the
union of all would be maintained and the general brotherhood of the
several classes better understood. Larger meetings at less expense
would follow than would result from separately organized bodies.
Should the operations of this association be restricted to matters
containing some one class, the other interests would be compelled to
secure separate organization.
I am not at all unmindful of our comparatively small membership.
I am looking toward its enlargement by making our association useful
to all who are now upon or may be upon its roll. These sections
should be as distinct in management as possible with not only the
chairman but a secretary as well, elected by the general body and they
could vie with each other in amount of interest awakened. Shall I
name them scientific, retailers, wholesale or jobbers and manufac¬
turers ? Kindly think over the establishment of these sections, give
the matter all the attention it deserves, if any at all, it claims.
The possibility of establishing associations in each county, and
the larger cities of the state, not separate bodies but organizations
auxiliary to this general association, offers an opportunity of effecting
much good.
The county and city associations should hold meetings at least
quarterly and in most instances would result in bringing about general
conditions, at this time particularly desirable, and local improvement
totally impossible through the State Association, I beg you, gentlemen,
to give the matter some consideration. I am unwilling that the for¬
mation of the auxiliaries be left to the members of the several counties
or the city but suggest that their formation be delegated to a commit-
14
Maryland State Pharmaceiitical Association,
tee of regular officers and that such delegates be instructed to submit
to the committee on laws for revision, such changes and additions tO'
our constitution and by-laws as may seem necessary to make these
county and city bodies a part of the state association. I believe if eco¬
nomically administered there need be no necessity for other dues
than those now levied for the general body and all claims could be
paid out of its treasury in the usual way.
I am seeking through the several suggestions to secure a larger
membership, a better organization of our state Pharmacists. This I
conceive to be an essential part of a State Association.
Having secured this strong and complete organization, other most
desirable objects can be easily obtained. Our power would be felt in
any direction it might be used. We could better influence legislation
and put our almost disgraced state in line with her sisters. Sadly did
we feel the need of a more concerted action at the last session of the
legislature. Let me add in this connection that we must be sincere in
our efforts to secure a Pharmacy law. Our true aim should be to pro¬
tect the citizens of the state in a matter in which we best know they
need protection and incidently protect ourselves but do not, I beg of
you, let this selfish end be the incentive for our action, because I
believe as I have faith in the final success of virtue, it will in every
instance, bring disaster.
This association as far as I know, has never issued certificates of
membership. I note in the early minutes steps were taken in this di¬
rection and went as far as the adoption of a design but nothing farther
seems to have been done. This should be at once taken up as part of
our work and through it, I believe, much could be accomplished both
in increasing membership and bringing about the enactment of proper
laws.
It appears to me that these certificates should be issued to every
present member in separate classes in respect to the particular branch
of Pharmacy in which they are engaged. To the retailer only in case
he has been actively engaged as a Pharmacist four years the time
generally acknowledged to be necessary to acquire a good practical
knowledge of the business. I apprehend that this rule would result in
the with-holding of the certificate from a few members for a short time
but I believe these will at once see that its greatly increased value to
them after the lapse of necessary time will be compensation quite
enough and will win their approval of the plan.
After sufficient time had passed to grant all our present members
certificates, which should be made forfeitable upon non-payment of
dues, the frequent publication in the daily papers of those entitled to
certificates would, I think, result in bringing about just what we are
Maryland State Pharmaceuticat Association. 15
seeking to secure by legislative enactment. It certainly would answer
a good purpose until our ideas are satisfied in law. It would also I
believe increase our membership outside of the city and in some in¬
stances be a reminder that dues were unpaid.
No matter w^hether the suggestions here given are adopted or not,
some presentable evidence of membership should be issued.
It seems entirely within the province of State Associations to lend
their influence and help toward the proper education of pharmaceuti¬
cal students. While they should be and I know they’ are in perfect ac¬
cord with all honorable teaching colleges of Pharmacy, they should be
entirely apart from and independent of these.
State boards of Pharmacy should undoubtedly be from these asso¬
ciations members and while they should invariably be in sympathy
with all efforts of the colleges toward the attainment of higher pro¬
fessional standard, they should be at the same time in a position to
earnestly protest against any movement which would seem to result in
placing unnecessary burdens upon students or in sending out gradu¬
ates not equipped with the kind of knowledge best fitting them for the
real emergencies of the hour or poorly qualifying them to offer the
public the protection it rightfully expects from such an education.
I deem it not the least too much for any State Pharmaceutical As¬
sociations to request the colleges around it for reports of their methods
of teaching, character of examinations and percentage- requirements
and feel confident that compliance with such requests would in almost
every case greatly increase the popularity of the colleges.
State associations, as such, should be felt in our national associa¬
tion. If possible delegates to the meetings of the American Pharma¬
ceutical Association should be paid mileage, at least, and be held re¬
sponsible for their attendances and the creditable representation of the
association sending them. Proper reception and return of courtesies
from sister associations is a matter that must not be over-looked and
should be developed to as great a degree as possible.
Winning a proper recognition of Pharmacy from our general gov¬
ernment by securing the advancement and rightful ranking of Pharma¬
cists in its employ, is strictly within the province of State Pharmaceu¬
tical Associations. Efforts should be directed solely toward securing
the help of the state’s own representation in Congress and much good
can be accomplished by this direct action.
This recognition by the law either in state or nation is what we
need most to bring us proper consideration from the general public
and the other professions.
1 6 Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association.
The power of the law as an educator is but poorly understood.
For this same strong reason State Associations should establish and
maintain a code of ethics not so much for their strict enforcement as
laws but as pictures of the ideal. Let us know and see what we should
be and how we should deport ourselves.
The mission of State Associations is truly to stimulate consistent
ethical action and to improve and change our professional and business
conduct to suit our condition and advancement. Yet the daily need,
the hours difficulty is within the most useful scope of the State Associa¬
tions power. Some plan whereby the association can learn and know
these needs, these difficulties is the scheme most desirable of all —
some way by which daily notes will be taken and regularly transmitted
to an approved head. It calls to mind the attempt and failure of the
American Association but will we not try to effect it just for one year or
one month or even one week. Every body comply — anonymously if need
be. Successfully carried out it would result in a report more interest¬
ing and instructive than anything yet conceived pharmaceutically. It
cannot be accomplished, however, without active individual effort and
this brings me to the second part of my imaginary heading “ The
duties of the members.”
The best man is great and good, the best member must be great and
good. He should be interested enough to be enthusiastic— conscien¬
tious enough, through a proper appreciation of the responsibility mem¬
bership brings, to make sacrifices, willing to use the talents he owns, no
matter whether one, five or ten. These qualities as a member make
him a desirable officer and a helpful committee man — ready to take on
the work assigned him.
The failure to accomplish sought for ends by Pharmaceutical Asso¬
ciations is brought about many times by the in-attention and ineffi¬
ciency of officers. Men are often totally unmindful of the responsi¬
bility their acceptance carries and reckless about the losses they bring
others. Unwillingness to act upon committees is another fault un¬
worthy a member except he live for himself alone. Selection must be
made with respect to the peculiar fitness of the person and an admin¬
istration can be greatly interfered with by this non-compliance, yet
better this than an acceptance and non-attention or carelessness.
I count it no little honor done any member if he is called upon to
take active part in the work of an association and I take occasion to
say here in reiterating my very sincere thanks to you for the honor you
did me a year ago that it was and has been a real honor to me from then
until now. Nothing has happened in my life of public notice which has
brought me more flattering congratulation, more personal gratification
than the Presidency of The Maryland State Pharmaceutical Associa¬
tion.
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association. 17
While I make this acknowledgment without hesitation, with pleas¬
ure, I do so the more willingly to assure any of you who may be
elected to office in this association or be placed upon committees that
you will be amply compensated for the work connected therewith by
the honor done you.
Let me add in conclusion that I believe from personal experience
that activity in the affairs of your profession, interest in its associations
of all kinds will afford you a legitimate relief from the exaction of your
business and lessen to a marked degree the weight of the burden we
must carry. That I have found the duties of my office a pleasure I
must confess. In trying to help the association I am sure I have
helped myself and I have only to thank you for your kind valuable
aid harboring close within my heart the hope that my efforts have
won your approval.
J. F. Hancock : — I move that the President’s Address, which
we have heard with so much pleasure, be referred to a committee to
consider the suggestions contained therein. Seconded by the Sec¬
retary. Carried.
Chairman appointed the following Committee of three to act on
the matter; — Dr. D. M. R. Culbreth, Messrs.]. F. Hancock
and Hugh Duffy.
President resumed the Chair.
Next in order was the report of the Executive Committee.
The Chairman of the Committee not being present, Mr. Jno. A.
Davis was called upon.
Mr. Davis ; — I would like to say that this Executive Committee
has had as members the best workers I have ever seen engaged in
pharmaceutical labors in this city. A great many matters have been
referred to it and it has acted promptly and efficiently.' The success
of the meeting so far is evidence enough of its work and is an earnest
of what is to follow.
The Secretary read his report : —
The Secretary reports that the Annual Proceedings of the State
Pharmaceutical association has been published at a cost of - I244.50
Stamps and general Postage - - . . . 28.02
TOTAL. $272.52
A copy was duly forwarded to every member of the Maryland Phar¬
maceutical Association and to every pharmacist of the State of Maryland,
and to the various pharmaceutical associations and journals. We have
1 8 Maryland State Pharmacetdical Association.
received copies of the proceedings of the Wisconsin, Ohio, New York,
Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Washington State, Maine and American
Pharmaceutical Associations. All correspondence has been properly
attended to.
Very respectfully,
John H. Hancock, Secretary-
On motion the report of the secretary was accepted.
The Treasurer read the following report : —
Baltimore, May 13, 1896.
TREASURER’S REPORT.
Balance received from Sami. Mans¬
field, Ex-Treasurer. - - $ 54.78
Membership Fees . 133.00
From Advertisements in 13th An¬
nual Proceedings - - - 176.00
363-78
Disbursements . 234.40
Unpaid Membership Dues - - - - 1151,00
Adv. in 13th Annual Proceedings,
remaining unpaid - - - 48.00
Total Assets . $328.38
Liabilities
E. B. Read & Son, for Printing 13th
Annual Proceeding $244.50 244.50
Net Balance .
r
Prof. Caspar! moved that the Treasurer’s Report be referred to
an auditing Committee to be appointed by the President.
It was so ordered.
The President appointed Prof. Caspar!, Messrs. Aughinbaugh
and Schley to constitute that Committee.
The President suggested that in the absence of Mr. Fischer some
one else should take up the 7th Query for discussion.
Prof. Culbreth suggested that in as much as the programme for
the afternoon was rather long it would be well to take some of the
items arranged for that part of the day and dispose of them during
the morning’s session.
$129.38
$199.00
$83.88
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association.
19
The President thanked Prof. Culbreth for the suggestion. He
called the attention of the members to the work done by the Board
of Trustees and read the Minutes of the board, which were ap¬
proved.
The President; — “I want to say a word in regard to the pro¬
ceedings. We had had no experience in publishing proceedings of
associations and would like to know whether copies have been re¬
ceived, generally, and if they are acceptable to the members.”
J. F. Hancock: — “I do not think the Association could criticise
the work of the Board of Trustees, nor say it was inexperienced in
matters of the kind ; the work is creditably done. Through the care
of the board, the publication has brought about an interest not
manifested in this Association for years. We have been in a very
precarious condition for a long time. Last year there was some resus¬
citation and this year we can feel flattered with what has been accom.
plished, although, of course, we cannot compare with Pennsylvania,
New York and Ohio, where they have large cities and large towns
and altogether aggregating a very much larger population than does
the State of Maryland. We feel that we are on our feet and if the fu¬
ture officers will work as the officers have in the recent past we have
every hope for a big and useful career. We believe that we can bring
about a feeling of amity in the association, a unity of action that must
redound to the honor of pharmacy and promote its welfare financially
as well as socially.”
President: — “We will take up the third Query. To be answered
by Prof. Caspari.”
J. F. Hancock moved that the Committee on Nominations be
appointed by the Chair, for the purpose of nominating officers for
the new year.
A delegate asked whether this would be in order. The Presi¬
dent answered in the affirmative.
The motion was seconded and carried.
Prof. Caspari When I was notified to lead in this discussion,
I read the query over very carefully and cartie to the conclusion that I
would mention to our President the fact that it had been answered
affirmatively so thoroughly and so often and at so many gatherings,
that the discussion would not produce much profit. ‘ Should the Phar¬
macists abandon the manufacture of his own preparations as per the
Pharmacopoeia or National Formulary and rest under the imputa¬
tion, so freely used by the manufacturer, of being incompetent to pro-
20
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association.
duce the work for which he has been educated? ’ The fact that as an
auxiliary to the Pharmacopoeia, the National Formulary has existed
for six years and under-gone revision and been adopted by a number
of medical associations throughout the country is evidence enough
that the apothecaries are in favor of its use ; and the question whether
the apothecary should give up the manufacture of his own medicines
simply because he has been charged with incompetency does not pre¬
sent itself to me as a matter that can be answered to the satisfaction
of every-body. The Pharmacopoeia is a standard for manufacturers all
over the country. In the case of the National Formulary the pro¬
fession has been given the advantage of the combined labors of thirty
men in the different states, without charge further then the cost of
printing. Every apothecary is in a position to utilize this for his own
benefit. I believe the charge of incompetency is not as freely made
as here stated. It has undoubtedly been made at certain times and
under certain circumstances, but the manufacturers of this country are
not prepared to make such a charge against the pharmacist. I think
the cause of the slow and limited use of the Pharmacopoeia is be¬
cause the pharmacists have not had sufficient insight into business
matters to enable them to estimate for themselves that the cost of
Pharmaceuticals is less when made by themselves than when pur¬
chased of the manufacturer. Those who have undertaken to investi¬
gate the question of cost of production know this to be true, provided,
we have sufficient training to do so. The work done at the different
colleges of Pharmacy throughout the country enables every one to be¬
come his own manufacturer of that class of products which the manu¬
facturing pharmacists are offering.
Elixirs, chemical solutions, etc,, can be made, with financial ad¬
vantage to the apothecary, by himself. In the laboratory we have de¬
monstrated over and over again to the students the advantage of
makifig these preparations and the effect has been good. The Phar¬
macopoeia has not received at the hands of the pharmacists the sup¬
port it should. This is due, partly to the fact that it, probably, has not
been held up to the students in sufficient force, as their guide. Many
pharmacists looks upon the Pharmacopoeia as a book of reference but
not something for daily use in their stores. If I were asked to answer
the question as it is printed here I should say ‘ No ’ emphatically. I
think it proper to increase the line of products manufactured by the
pharmacist because, firstly, he can manufacture preparations at least
as low and, in many instances, lower than he can purchase them from
the wholesale manufacturer; secondly, he is in a position, as regards
the necessary implements and apparatus, to make quite a considerable
number of preparations ; thirdly, his education, at present, is such
that he is eminently competent to do it ; fourthly, he rises in the esti¬
mation of himself, the physicians with whom he comes in contact and
the public generally. When a physician goes into a store and asks for
Maryland State Pharmaceidical Association.
21
an extract of this drug or an elixir of that, it is generally the case that
the druggist says. ‘I have a preparation by A,, B., or C.,’ or he will
say, ‘I have only D’s in whom I have implicit confidence.’ He rarely
says. Doctor, I have my own preparation.’ How rarely has he nerve
to say, ‘ I make my own preparations.’ ‘I believe you will find my
preparations to be as good as any other manufacturer’s.
“ There is one factor which has tended to lessen the manufacture of
products by the retail pharmacists and that is the demoralized status
of the drug trade. The apothecary has grown much lazier, and often
it is laziness that prevents him from manufacturing things he could
make. In dull times he could utilize spare moments in the store in
saving not only cents but dollars, preparing his own line of prepar-
tions. The failure of pharmacists to make their own preparations is
not chargeable to incompetency, but, chiefly, to the love of ease. Of
course there are some apothecaries who are not competent, just as
there are some physicians who are not competent to diagnose a case,
but why the imputation should be applied to the educated apothecary
I fail to see.”
President Hynson : — “ There are druggists who go to their stores
at seven or eight o’clock in the morning and work steadily at the coun¬
ter until twelve at night. Would not this man findjtt necessary to em¬
ploy an assistant, should he undertake to manufacture his own pre¬
parations ? Then, would it pay to make his own pharmaceuticals,
considering this extra expense? I know drug clerks do not get very
large salaries, but we must add other expenses, in the shape of losses,
etc. Take, on the other hand a man who has nothing to *do, plenty of
time, what need has he to prepare anything? What use is he going to
make of his product? These are questions to be considered before we
come to any definite conclusion as to whether the Pharmacists should
manufacture their own products or not. The items of time, and em¬
ployment of additional help are to be considered. ”
Chas. Dohme ; — “Gentlemen; — I did not intend to speak on this
subject — I thought I *.would listen. I have heard Professor Caspar!
touch on the second part of the Query, that the pharmacist should rest
under an imputation of incompetenc}'. There may be some manufact¬
urers who have made this charge, I should like to be exonerated from
it. I never thought, uttered or let it be understood that the educated
pharmacist is not competent to make what he generally bu3^s and bu^^s
for the reason of the lack of time, or because of the small portions
required of certain preparations. If the pharmacist should want to
manufacture the preparations I refer to, he would certainly need an
extra man for the purpose his ordinary help would not be sufficient. I
have had some experience as a retail druggist and know that often if
not incompetent, we would lack time to make these phamaceuticals.
22 Maryland State Pharmacentical Association.
which are used every day. Particularly is this the case regarding new
drugs described in articles, which appear in the journals, by phy¬
sicians. New experiments must be made. The list increases every
day.”
” If the pharmacist should wish to make them, it would occupy so
much of his time that he would find it impossible do so. To supply
such demands the wholesale manufacturer has stepped in and has be¬
come a very necessary part of the drug business of late years. We
are not the enemies of the pharmacists, but like them are in the manu¬
facturing business to make our living.”
J. F. Hancock : — “For thirty five years I was behind the counter.
My ambition was to be a manufacturer in a small way and had some
personal experience in that line. I tried to harmonize the duties of the
shop and those of the laboratory, but I gave it up in despair. The out¬
cry against the manufacturer on the part of the retailers is, in the main,
unjust. We have some men in the retail business who are unworthy of
their calling and we have some in the manufacturing of drugs who are
unworthy of confidence. The fact is, there should be a unity of action.
The manufacturer is an important factor in pharmacy, the wholesale
druggist is an important factor in the drug business and the retailer is
an important man in the community. These ought to harmonize their
efforts and help each other. It is impossible to do two things at the
same time, and my observation for many years has been that a man
who loves the work of the laboratory hates the work of the shop and,
the man who loves the work of the shop hates the work of the labora¬
tory. They* are unsuited to each other; yet there are some few men
who can harmonize the two, they can do as well in one as they can in
the other. These are the exceptions. Pharmacists and physicians who
usually make the outcry against the manufacturer are those who are
constantly thinking their duty is to attend to the business of others-
There is nothing to prevent the pharmacist who has a love for his pro¬
fession and is qualified, from conducting both branches of trade,
and there are a great many who do, and yet when it comes to
getting always from the many retailers the samq^reparation, you meet
an impossibility. All of the large manufacturers, while they have some
excellent preparations, have some which are poor. A man grows
strong in that in which he is interested, and he makes a preparation
excellent, because he is interested in that one thing, and it is some¬
times a query in our minds whether we are not giving too particular
attention to one thing to the neglect of everything else.”
“ We feel encouraged to repeat experiments over and over again and
are not satisfied, as in the case of Sir Humphrey Davy. He was not
disposed to accept what other chemists said and set out to»experiment
for himself, and he went through twenty-five experiments before he
could prove to his own mind that it was true, that water is ox3^gen and
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association,
23
hydrogen. So it is with all of us who are engaged in a work so varied,
so intricate, which requires so much skill. We are doing one thing well
and another thing very poorly. While I was in the retail business, I
learned the wisdom of carefully looking into the matter in a practical
way, of finding the excellent preparation offered by one manufacturer
and rejecting those which he offered not of the highest grade going
to another manufacturer for those. I always took pleasure in making
what I could, but refused to attempt those things for which I had no
facilities or particular qualification.”
The President here announced the following Committee on
Nominations, to report at the time designated for the election of
officers; J. F. Hancock, Levin D. Collier, D. M. R. Culbreth,
D. C. Aughinbaugh, Steiner Schley.
On motion the meeting took a recess until 2.30 o’clock.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
The Meeting was called to order at 2.30 o’clock, President in
the chair.
The President suggested that the Report of the Legislative
Committee be heard before Mr. Sams’ address.
Robert S. McKinney read the following report ;
To the Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association.
Gentlemen : — Your Committee on Legislation begs leave to report
that a meeting of a majority of its members was held in Baltimore,
November 15th, in response to a call of the Chairman.
Prof. H. R. Slack, Secretary of Georgia Board of Pharmacy, and
President Hynson had been invited to attend and were present. Mr.
R. S. Kinney was elected Secretary.
The law submitted by our predecessors was carefully considered
and several changes suggested, the principal one being the abolish¬
ment of annual registration. Following your instruction as embodied
in the adopted resolution offered by Mr. Corning, the Chairman and
Secretary were requested to mail, printed copies of the proposed law
and the law now in force for Baltimore City, together with a circular
letter, which is herewith submitted, to every pharmacist in the State
urging, not only our members but other druggists as well, to submit to
24 Maryland State Pharmaxeutical Association.
the Chairman any criticisms or suggestions for change that might be
deemed desirable. In reply quite a number of letters were received
and nearly all were favorable to the law as submitted.
The only changes suggested were that it be made more stringent
and that it should tend toward the regulation of the furnishing of medi¬
cine by physicians.
The Chairman was also requested to employ a lawyer and have a
bill drawn conforming^ in his judgment, to the wishes of a majority of
the pharmacists in the state. The Hon. Conway W. Sams was em¬
ployed and a bill drawn and submitted to the Committee at a meet-
ting held in Baltimore, Jan. 15th. The bill was accepted and it was
-agreed to take the draft at once to Annapolis and have it introduced
}in the House of Delegates.
The Commissioners of Pharmacy for Baltimore City had been
iinvited to the meeting, but, unfortunately, came in very late : after
-action had been taken and arrangements made to go to Annapolis.
Hon. Chas. J. H. Ganter, a pharmacist, member of the House,
kindly consented to introduce the bill, which was promptly done and it
was then referred to Committee on Hygiene and this committee had
unanimously agreed to report the bill favorably. But before this could
be done, objection was made to it by the Maryland College Pharmacy
•and your Chairman, upon receipt of this complaint, referred the matter
•to Mr. Corning and President Hynson, requesting them to act as a
special committee, meet the gentlemen appointed by the College and
if possible adjust matters to the satisfaction of that body.
A conference was held and differences discussed, resulting in an
agreement upon the terms of a new bill. President Hynson was
requested to assist Counsel Sams in the preparation of a draft embody¬
ing the changes agreed upon. The resulting bill proved satisfactory to
the College representatives and really seems an improved and greatly
simplified document, which is submitted to you for your careful consid¬
eration.
This revised bill was taken to Annapolis and the Committee on
Hygiene requested to substitute it for the one introduced by Mr. Gan¬
ter. This was done by the Committee offering it, after several changes
had been made, as an amendment to the first bill. It was ordered
printed, but when it came up for the second reading was indefinitely
postponed by a large majority.
The chief causes of the opposition were objectionable amendments
insisted upon by some druggists in regard to the sale of patent and
proprietary medicines and because the country merchants, quite a
number of whom were members of the House of Delegates, were afraid
their sales of drugs would be interfered with.
Even after this disaster had befallen us, your Committee promptly
called a conference of those, who had actively taken part in the work
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association.
25
and at this meeting which was largely attended, it was decided to take
the revised bill to Annapolis and get it re-introduced. This was done
the same evening by Vice-President Cook, who was able to get his
brother, a member of the House, to introduce it at once. It was referred
to the same Committee and the next day quite a good delegation went
to Annapolis to win friends for it, if possible.
There seemed some chance of success, but owing to the few days of
the session remaining and the great press of business, our bill was
allowed to sleep in the Committee, and we have to acknowledge that
we are, for the time, at least, defeated.
We have, however, as some compensation for our pains, a bill,
which we believe, if enacted as a law, will be satisfactory and effective,
we have also won experience, which tells us that a form of law must be
agreed upon by all concerned and interested as long before the next
meeting of the legislature as possible. That concerted action is abso¬
lutely necessary. That the country merchant must be conciliated, if
possible, before the next meeting of the legislature and to this end your
Committee suggests that all such merchants now handling drugs be
allowed by the proposed law to register. That all others, who there¬
after propose engaging in the sale of medicines be required to qualify
as pharmacists.
This will not only avoid opposition but will win their support for
obvious reasons.
Your Committee also suggests that it will be necessary to make
the pharmacists of the State understand that existing evils, which have
resulted mainly from inactivity on their part can not be remedied by
legislation. We can only hope to prevent other and greater injustices ;
trusting that time will finally right the wrongs already done our pro¬
fession.
Very respectfully,
J. E. HENRY, Chairman,
A. J. CORNING,
ROBT. s. McKinney,
D. c. aughinbaugh,
THOS. H. JENKINS.
26 Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association.
A BILL.
Entitled an act to prevent and punish the adulteration and falsifica¬
tion of medicines, and to prevent incompetent persons from
conducting business as pharmacists or vending at retail drugs,
medicines or chemicals for medicinal use in the State of Maryland,
and to repeal chapter four hundred and fourteen of the Acts passed
January session of eighteen hundred and seventy-two, and as amen¬
ded by chapter one hundred and fifty-one of the Acts of Assembly
January session eighteen hundred and ninety-two.
Whereas, many unskilled and unqualified persons are engaged in
vending at retail, mixing and conipounding drugs, medicines and
chemicals, to the great danger of the health and lives of the people
of the State of Maryland and as it is expedient that legislation be
had to remedy said evil ; therefore
Section, i. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Maryland,
that it shall not be lawful for any person to open, own or conduct any
pharmacy for retailing, compounding or dispensing drugs, medicines
or chemicals for medicinal use unless such person shall be or shall
employ and place in charge and continue to keep in charge of such
pharmacy, a registered pharmacist within the meaning of this Act, ex¬
cept as hereinafter provided.
Sec. 2. And be it enacted. That every pharmacy, store or shop
where drugs, medicines or chemicals are sold at retail or displayed for
sale at retail, or where physicians prescriptions are compounded or
which has upon it the sign of “Pharmacist,” “ Pharmacy,” “Apothe¬
cary,” or “drugstore” or exhibits the characteristic show bottle or
globes filled with colored liquids, shall be considered a pharmacy
within the meaning of this Act.
Sec. 3. And be it enacted. That a registered pharmacist shall be
a person who has had four continuous years practical experience in a
pharmacy where the prescriptions of medical practitioners are com¬
pounded and has passed a satisfactory examination before the Mary¬
land Board of Pharmacy hereinafter mentioned, or one who is at the
time this Act takes effect, on his own account or a manager in charge
personally and actively engaged in the business of a dispensing phar¬
macist and in the preparation of physicians prescriptions and in the
vending at retail and compounding of drugs, medicines and chemicals
or one who is registered as a pharmacist in Baltimore City at the time
of the passage of this Act.
Sec. 4. Be it enacted. That a qualified assistant shall be a person
who has had at least two continuous years of practical experience in a
pharmacy where the prescriptions of medical practitioners are com¬
pounded, and has passed satisfactorily such an examination, as may be
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association.
27
prescribed by the Maryland Board of pharmacy for such qualified
assistants or one who at the time this Act takes effect shall have been
employed or engaged for one year or more continuously in a pharmacy
where the prescriptions of medical practitioners are compounded, such
qualified assistants shall only act in the absence of the registered
pharmacist in charge of the pharmacy in which the qualified assistant
is engaged, and then only under such regulations as the Board of
Pharmacy may prescribe, but such qualified assistant cannot engage
in business on his own account or take entire charge or manage any
pharmacy.
Sec. 5. And be it enacted. That the Maryland State Pharmaceu¬
tical Association shall nominate of the most skilled and competent
pharmacists of the State of Maryland fifteen persons, ten of whom shall
reside in the City of Baltimore, and the remaining five in the counties
of the State, from which number the Governor shall appoint five com¬
missioners, three of whom shall be residents of the City of Baltimore
and the remaining two residents of the counties, who shall constitute
the Maryland Board of Pharmacy, whose duty .it shall be to faithfully
and impartially execute, or cause to be executed, all the provisions
and requirements of this Act ; the said commissioners of pharmacy shall
hold office as follows : One to serve five years, one four years, one
three years, one two years and one, one year, in the first instance and
thereafter annually the Governor shall appoint from five persons whose
names shall be submitted by the Maryland State Pharmaceutical Asso¬
ciation, one person to serve as a member of said board for the term of
five years ; the said commissioners shall within thirty days after notifi¬
cation of their appointment, each subscribe to an oath before the clerk
of the Superior Court of Baltimore City, or before the clerk of the
Circuit court for the county in which he resides, to impartially and
faithfully discharge the duties prescribed by this Act ; the position of
any commissioner appointed under this Act who shall fail to qualify
within the time and in the manner hereinbefore named, shall be va¬
cant ; the Governor shall fill all vacancies occurring from amongst the
persons nominated by the Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association.
Sec. 6. And be it enacted. That said commissioners being duly
qualified shall within thirty days after their appointment meet and
organize by the election from their own number of a president and a
secretary and a treasurer, said officers shall be elected for the term of
one year, and shall perform the duties prescribed by the board ; three
members of the board shall constitute a quorum ; the secretary and the
treasurer shall receiv^e a salary which shall be fixed by the board, and
also shall receive the amount of their traveling and other expenses
incurred in the performance of their official duties ; the other members
of the board shall receive the sum of five dollars for each day actually
engaged in this service, and all legitimate and necessary expenses
28
Maryland State Pha^rmaceutical Association.
incurred in the performance of their official duties, said salary, per
diem and expenses shall be paid from the fees received and penal¬
ties recovered under the provisions of this Act ; and all m.onies re¬
ceived in excess of said per diem, allowances and other expenses
above mentioned, shall be disposed of as provided in section eight.
Sec 7. And, be it enacted. That the said Maryland Board of Phar¬
macy shall hold meetings at least once in three months in the City of
Baltimore, or such other place as it may deem expedient for the trans¬
action of such business as shall pertain to its duties and for the
examination of each and every person who shall desire to engage in
vending at retail any drugs, medicines, or chemicals for medicinal use
or in compounding and dispensing physicians prescriptions in the State
of Maryland, touching his competency and qualifications as a pharma¬
cist or qualified assistant, and upon being satisfied that the per¬
son so examined is competent and qualified to vend at retail, drugs,
medicines and chemicals for medicinal use, and to compound and dis¬
pense physicians prescriptions safely and without jeopardy to the
health and lives of the people of the State of Maryland ; it shall grant
such person a certificate and shall register him as a pharmacist, or
qualified assistant, as the case may be, and the said Board of Pharmacy
shall publish notice of its meetings, two weeks prior to their taking
place, in two issues of at least two daily papers of general circulation
in the State of Maryland and this publication shall constitute good and
sufficient notice of such meetings.
Sec. 8. And be it enacted, That any person who, after the passage
of this Act, does vend at retail any drugs, medicines or chemicals for
medicinal use whatever, or compounds and dispenses physicians pre¬
scriptions, in the State of Maryland, without complying with all the
requirements of this Act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor
and subject to a penalty or a fine of fifty dollars for each and every
week he shall continue to so vend at retail any drugs, medicines or
chemicals for medicinal use, or compound and dispense physicians
prescriptions in the State of Maryland, as aforesaid, said penalty or
fine to be sued for in the name of the State of Maryland, before a justice
of the peace, as small' debts are now recoverable; said penalty or fine
to go to the Maryland Board of Pharmacy appointed under this Act, to
be used as a fund for carrying out the provisions of this Act, and if
shall be the duty of the State’s Attorney of the several counties and
the City of Baltimore, at the request of the said Board of Pharmacy, to
prosecute any person who shall have violated any requirement of this
Act.
Sec. 9. And be it enacted. That the said Maryland Board of Phar¬
macy shall have a book of registration, open at some convenient place,
in which they shall register and re-register correctly all pharmacists
and qualified, assistants entitled to be registered or re-registered under
Maryland State Pharmacentical Association.
29
this Act, giving their exact location, and it shall be the duty of every
pharmacist and qualified assistant to register with the Board of Phar¬
macy any change of his location within ten days from the time such
change is made; any registered pharmacist or qualified assistant, vio¬
lating this section shall be subject to a fine of not less than ten or more
than fifty dollars for each week he so remains without registration as
required by this Act, said penalty or fine to be recovered and disposed
of as directed in section eight of this Act ; and any person who shall
attempt to procure registration for himself or for any other person un¬
der this Act, by making or causing to be made by others, any false
statement in regard to the conduct of the business for any pharmacy or
registers at or for any pharmacy when he himself is not actively en¬
gaged or employed at such pharmacy, or having registered at or for any
pharmacy engage in any other business or profession without having a
registered pharmacist to take charge of said pharmacy, during his
absence, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and be subjected
to a fine of fifty dollars.
Sec. 10. And be it enacted. That any pharmacist who shall for¬
ward to the Maryland Board of pharmacy on or before the fifteenth day
of July next, after the passage of this Act satisfactory proof, supported
by his affidavit, that he was engaged in the business of a dispensing
pharmacist on his own account or as a manager in charge of a phar¬
macy in this state at the time this Act takes effect, shall, upoa the
payment to the said Board of the fee of two dollars, be granted a
certificate of registration as a registered pharmacist without examina¬
tion ; and annually thereafter he shall pay to said Board a sum not
exceeding one dollar so long as he continues to act as a registered
pharmacist. In case of failure or neglect to register as herein provided,
the advantage given by this section shall be forfeited ; provided that
this section shall not apply to any pharmacist engaged in business in
the City of Baltimore who has not registered as required by an Act
entitled “An Act to prevent incompetent persons from conducting
business as pharmacists or vending at retail drugs, medicines or chem¬
icals for medicinal use in the City of Baltimore,” approved April
first, eighteen hundred and seventy-two and amended by the repeal
re-enactment of sections two and nine, chapter ninety-one, passed at
January session, eighteen hundred and ninety-two such persons not
being entitled to registration shall be required to pass a satisfactory
examination before the Maryland Board of Pharmacy.
Sec. II. And be it enacted, That any assistant or clerk in phar¬
macy not less than eighteen years of age, who shall not have the
qualifications of a registered pharmacist within the meaning of this
Act, who, at the time this Act takes effect shall have been employed or
engaged for one year or more continuously in a pharmacy as described
in this Act, and shall furnish satisfactory evidences, together with his
30
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association.
affidavit to that effect, to the Maryland Board of Pharmacy, shall upon
making application for registration and upon payment to the said Board
of the fee of one dollar within ninety days after this Act takes effect
be granted a certificate of registration as a qualified assistant without
examination, annually thereafter he shall pay to such Board the sum of
fifty cents so long as he continues to act as a qualified assistant.
Sec. 12. And be it enacted. That the Maryland Board of Phar¬
macy shall demand and receive from each applicant for examination
who shall desire to become a registered pharmacist a fee of five dollars,
which fee shall entitle such applicant, if deemed competent by the said
Board, to a certificate of registration as registered pharmacist for one
year ; annually thereafter such registered pharmacist shall pay to the
said Board one dollar for certificate of re-registration so long as he
continues to act as registered pharmacist and said Maryland Board of
Pharmacy shall demand and receive from each applicant for exami¬
nation who desires to become a qualified assistant a fee not exceeding
five dollars, which fee shall entitle such applicant, if deemed competent
by. the said board to registration as qualified assistant for one year ;
annually thereafter such qualified assistant shall pay to said Board fifty
cents for registration so long as he continues to act as a qualified
assistant. In case of the failure of any applicant to pass the required
examination, such applicant shall be entitled to one other examination
with6ut charge, but such subsequent examination shall not be granted
until six months after the previous examination. Every certificate of
registration or re-registration granted under this Act shall be conspic¬
uously exposed in the pharmacy to which it applies.
Sec. 13. And be it enacted. That in case of the death of a regis¬
tered pharmacist doing business under the provisions of this Act, his
legal represenatives may continue said business for the benefit of the
estate of the said deceased, under the control and management of a
registered pharmacist, subject to the requirements of this Act.
Sec. 14. And be it enacted, That no person unless he shall be a
registered pharmacist or a registered qualified assistant as provided
by this Act, shall be allowed to compound or dispense drugs, medi¬
cines or prescriptions, or to sell at retail or dispense poisons for
medicinal use, except under the actual supervision of a registered
pharmacist, and any registered pharmacist violating this Act or per¬
mitting its violation in any store under his charge or management shall
be subject to a penalty or fine of not less than ten dollars nor more
than fifty dollars, to be recovered and disposed of as directed in section
eight of this Act ; provided that nothing in this Act shall be so con¬
strued as to prevent any practicing physician from preparing and
dispensing his own prescriptions ; nor shall it apply to or prevent the
sale of patent or proprietary medicines ; nor shall it prevent the sale of
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association. 31
medicines of official strength put up in original packages bearing the
name and address of the person or persons by whom put up or manu¬
factured.
Sec. 15. And be it enacted, That any person who shall falsify or
adulterate, or cause to be falsified or adulterated, any drug or medicinal
substance, or any preparation authorized or recognized by the phar¬
macopoeia of the United States or used or intended to be used in medi¬
cal practice or shall mix or cause to be mixed with any drug or
medicinal substance, any foreign or inert substance whatever that may
destroy or weaken its medicinal effect, and shall sell or cause the same
to be sold for medicinal purposes with fraudulent intent shall be deemed
guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof, shall pay a penalty
not exceeding five hundred dollars, and shall forfeit to the State of
Maryland all articles so adulterated ; on complaint being entered, the
Maryland Board of Pharmacy is hereby empowered to employ a com¬
petent analyst or chemist, whose duty it shall be to examine into the
alleged adulteration or falsification, and report upon the result of his
investigation and if said report justifies such action, the said board shall
duly cause the prosecution of the offenders, as provided in this Act.
Sec. 16. And be it further enacted. That all Act and parts of Acts,
so far as they may be in conflict with this Act, are hereby declared void
and of no effect.
Sec, 17. And be it enacted. That this Act shall take effect from
the date of its passage.
Dr. Culbreth moved that the report of the Committee be accept¬
ed and the Committee held over or discharged according to the
sense of the meeting. Seconded.
Delegate. — “Is the Committee a standing committee or one
appointed each year? “
A delegate suggested that the Committee be made a standing
committee.
This was objected to.
Dr. Hancock asked whether the law should not be read.
The President thought it would be well to act on Dr. Culbreth’s
motion. “ And after we have heard Mr. Sams’ address, we can take
action on the law. This afternoon was set apart for the discussion
of the matter of legislation.”
The President put Dr. Culbreth’s motion.
Some discussion took place as to whether accepting a report
was equivalent to adopting it.
32 Maryland State Pharmacentical Association.
Motion to receive the report carried. »
The President said his idea was to have discussion of the
matter, but to postpone it until after Mr. Sams’ address.
Mr. Aughinbaugh. — “This report has now become the property
of the Association, the Association has done nothing to adopt that
report. If we want to dispose of it there must be another action. It
is now in the hands of the Committee ; it is for the Association to say
what shall be done with it.”
Motion to postpone discussion carried.
Mr. Sams. — “ Mr. President and Members of the Maryland State
Pharmaceutical Association, — I would like to say in beginning, that
this is a new field for me and by reason of that fact an interesting one-
When I was first consulted about this pharmacy law, the idea struck
me that it would be necessary for me to brush up my knowledge of
chemistry, but that was quickly disposed of when I thought that I
would be in the midst of eminent chemists, and to show any knowledge
of that subject would be ridiculous.
To address myself briefly to the law which this Association pro¬
poses to the Legislature of Maryland to be passed, — Going over the
history of the matter somewhat, I find from an investigation of the
pharmacy laws, of the United States that this agitation has continued
for some twenty-five years. Connected with that fact we have an
interesting history of pharmacy in Maryland. The Maryland College
of Pharmacy was one of the first to begin the teaching of pharmacy, not
the first, perhaps, Boston and Philadelphia were ahead, but Baltimore
was among the first. That being the historical position of Baltimore in
this matter, it seems a very unusual state of things that Baltimore or
Maryland should be one of the last States of the Union to have a good
pharmacy law. Even such out of-the-way place as the territory of
Oklahoma has a pharmacy law. To come down to Maryland, the only
law in existence is a local law applying to the City of Baltimore. Said
law is an excellent one for us, if it could reach all, or remain on the
statute books until we get a law applying to the whole State. The
practice and maintenance of these laws can be regulated by the State,
and practice in pharmacy can also be regulated by the State. There
you have your legal position clear. The proposed law for the State
was one drawn after a very varied career, as your Committee on Legis¬
lation has told you. That Committee devoted a great deal of time and
attention to it. I had a good many conversations with your President,
who gave the most painstaking thought and a great deal of his time to
the subject. The result of all the interviews and conferences on the
subject is a law which seems to me to be fair and reasonable, which has
lor its aim the preservation of all the vested interests. It does not try
to take away from any man the right of making a living in the profes-
Maryland State Pha7maceutical Association.
33
sion of pharmacy. The law as it now stands will be found to be emi¬
nently fair, serving as far as possible not to interfere with any just
rights of the members of your profession throughout the State. Of
course the reason for the passage of the law is so clear that it is not
necessary even for me at this time to enter into an argument on its be¬
half. If you will turn to the first clause of it, you will find it states,
that, “ many unskilled and unqualified persons are engaged in vending
at retail, mixing and compounding drugs, medicines and chemicals,
to the great danger of the health and lives of the people of the State of
Maryland;” I think that a mere statement of the situation in this
State of ours is sufficient argument for the passage of the law.
I hope that the Association will have time to give it a most care¬
ful investigation. It is a subject which appeals to all of us, to you pro¬
fessional gentlemen, and to me as a part of the public at large. You
are interested in protecting your profession, I as a citizen to be pro¬
tected. A great many of us can protect ourselves by always going
to an efficient pharmacy, but others cannot; therefore it is necessary to
call in the help of the State.
Another thing ! Were this Association not a body organized as it
is it would be impossible to put a law on the statue books. We know
from experience in Annapolis, from the varied interests pulling and
hauling in different ways, how hard it is to do anything. Therefore it
is a question of organization, — this is the means by which you will pass
your law. This Association is represented throughout the entire State.
In that connection I have had a great deal of experience, both disap¬
pointing and pleasant. I have had laws passed which I never hoped to
get through and have been defeated in others which I fully expected
to get passed. It is necessary for the Association to strengthen its
organization for the future passage of this law. You branch out all
through the State, you touch almost every point, and if the members
will be fully alive, which I think they are, to the importance of this
legislation, I believe the Legislature of ’98 will pass this law.
This is the anniversary of the first introduction of the State Phar¬
macy Law. From the time of its introduction you have been fighting
your battle. Perhaps this is a fortunate date. The decade begining in
the year 1898 may witness passage of such legislation as you think
right. Now the great mistake, it strikes me, that is made in all of the
sciences and in the professions is the too easy admission to these bodies.
In the Law it is the case. The same thing applies to the profession of
pharmacy. One of the many things provided in this proposed law, out¬
side of the protection to the community and public in general, is that
men can not enter this profession when unqualified. It is certain that
when men can enter your profession only when qualified the profession
of pharmacy will rise to a new dignity ; it means that wherever a body
of pharmacists are collected for the purpose of carrying on their work,
34
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association.
men entering their profession must be properly educated and therefore
it is a body qualified to conduct their business and the public has every
confidence in it. If the entrance into my profession was so arranged
that only a qualified man could come into it, we would not have
the trouble we do have sometimes with all sorts of unpleasant hap¬
penings.
Your law aims at two things : it is a protection to yourselves and to
the public at large, at the same time makes it incumbent upon a man
when he applies for admission into your profession to be competent to
conduct the business. The way to pass this law is this : it is instigated
by a wish for better things ; it is brought about by a desire for improve¬
ment and for advancement in your profession. Now prepare for the
Legislature of 1898. I happen to be at the head of an active national
body of men also looking to that Legislature of ’98, and I begin to
think we are all longing to get at that Legislature. I am preparing for
it by a most earnest appeal to organization. I want to ask you to bear
in mind the same thing. Look forward to that Legislature for the pur¬
pose of passing the law. It will come through agitation and education.
If the public at large reaches the conclusion and are educated up to it
that there is need for this law, there will be no question of its passage.
The only way is by continual agitation, to keep before the puplic the
need and desire to pass the law. If it is the wish of this Association
to discuss the law in any way, you may ask questions ; it is a paper of
some length. Here the law is in about the shape as agreed upon. I
feel sure that after careful consideration of suggestions that the mem¬
bers of the Association may think proper to make, you will feel satis¬
fied that this is a good and wise law, and if it is not as you desire it, the
question of improvement is bound to come. Of course we all feel de¬
sirous as Marylanders to see this good old State of ours taken care
of in all respects. We don’t want to see her behind all the other
States, or one of the last States to put upon the statue books a law
which is so. important and necessary to the public at large.”
President.— ” I am sure the Association is very much obliged
to Mr. Sams for his address, and if he has the time, we will be glad to
have him remain with us, that he may enter into the discussion of the
matter.”
J. F. Hancock.—” I would suggest that Mr. Sams read the law for
us, as he can give an explanation of the construction.”
President. — ” It should not be necessary to read it all.”
Mr. McKinney moved that Mr. Sams should read those sections
which had been changed. It was so ordered.
President introduced Professor Base of the Maryland College
of Pharmacy.
Section II, a description of a drug store, was read.
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association.
35
Dr. Hancock. — “That clause was thought necessary for the rea¬
son that the Board of Pharmacy has had difficulty to get the evidence
necessary to prosecute cases, and this was to save the Board a great
deal of annoyance with persons selling drugs in places simply having
the appearance of a shop.”
President. — “The changes so far, are as to the character of the
registered pharmacist, all graduates must be examined. It is also
stated that the applicant must have had four years experience as a
pharmacist.”
The President called Mr. J. E. Henry to the chair.
President. — “In making the law we first tried to register only
those who had been in business four years. We then got that down
to three and then, to two years and finally agreed to register everybody
engaged in business at the time of the passage of that law. It is not
therefore as effective as we would desire. We tried to make it suit
the Legislature.”
Section XIV was read.
A Delegate. --“Is there a licensed pharmacist in the State of
Maryland ? ”
President.— “Not outside of the City of Baltimore. The question
may come up as to what a pharrnacist is. While the bill was in the
hands of the Committee we found that certain druggists of the State
had written to delegates saying that unless this law were made very
stringent they 'would oppose it. It was a very unfortunate thing for
them to do. They insisted that the sale of drugs should be confined to
registered pharmacists and within certain areas around them — within
five miles of the registered pharmacists. They took the ground that if
a registered pharmacist was within five miles, that was sufficient. Of
course every merchant and dealer in the State was opposed to its
passage. I was told there would be no trouble in getting this through
but the Legislature was not so stupid as some thought. This had more
to do with the defeat of the Bill than anything else. I suggest that all
merchants who are now doing business, selling drugs, at the time of the
passage of the law be allowed to register. They would then want a
law for the very reason that we want it. I believe that this will be
the only way we can get a law on the statute books of Maryland, to
grant these merchants full privileges of pharmacists. They are in
business now, they are selling drugs. The public needs protection his
true, but they seem unable to win that, we can only hope to benefit fu¬
ture generations.”
Mr. Aughinbaugh. — “Mr. President, I have listened with a great
deal of interest to what has been said on this subject as to what these
people, who are merchants, want in conjunction with the pharmacists
36 Maryland State Pharmaceittical Association.
or druggists. Suppose any blacksmith, wagon maker or carpenter
could go to work and put up half a dozen bottles of some mixture and
call himself a druggist without spending one dollar in learning the
business ; what danger the community is running at his hands ! We had
better be without any law at all. We are asking for legislation for the
protection of the people of the commonwealth of the State of Maryland
in the hands of the gentlemen who are qualified to follow this business.
If we are not qualified, I am willing to go before the Board to know if I
am qualified, if I am not I will gracefully step down and out. But that
Board would not have authority to examine those who have been in
business for a certain length of time. This makes them qualified and
thereby protects the citizens of our State to that extent. I would
make no concessions so far as I am concerned, and I would put nothing
of that kind on the statute bocks of Maryland. ”
Mr. McKinney. — “I think Section XIV covers that ground fully
and I am opposed to the recommendation as made in the report of the
Committee, so far as giving the country merchant a registered pharma¬
cist’s privileges. It is not treating the pharmacist fairly and not treat¬
ing the public fairly. The bill we want passed is for the benefit of the
public, not for the druggist alone, it is mainly for the benefit of the
public. Section XIV, as given by Mr. Sams, gives all the protection
that any reasonable country merchant can ask for.”
President. — “I hope I am understood in this matter. I want the
law as stringent as possible. The Committees on Legislation, since
1868, have been very much discouraged. There has been great op¬
position made at each legislature to bills of this kind. If the
merchant had been admitted as a pharmacist, at that time, in 1868,
after four years he would have had the experience ordinarily required
to equip him for pharmacy, and a proper law would have been in force
since then. I am looking to the future, only four years ahead, if this is
the time required for a person to accumulate enough practical experi¬
ence. Is it better for us to get a law on the statute books and in four
years have all experienced pharmacists, or, go on year after year, tri¬
fling wiflh these incompetent men .w^ho are in business ? We do not
remedy the matter as it is. At the end of four years, by such a law,
these men will have experience and then, after that, no others are ad¬
mitted. It seems the only practical way to get a law passed. Whether
the means justify the ends or not I hope the Association will decide.
I am not fully convinced that this is the proper plan. I simply make
this statement as an argument in favor of the bill, at the same time do
not commit myself. Is it not wiser to admit these men as pharmacists
and give them the protection of the law if thereb}’^ we can prevent
others getting in ? ”
J. F. Hancock. — “ In my opinion it would be very unwise for this
Association to recommend, or for the pharmacists of the State of Mary-
Marylani State Pharmaceutical Association.
37
land to accept an}'- such proposition as our President has just stated.
If you allow the country merchant to come in under the law and give
him a license to expand himself in manufacturing pharmaceuticals, it
will be a great injury to the profession. The law means something or
it means nothing and the object of this law is to protect the public.
The primary effect is to those who are patrons of the pharmacists, the
secondary benefit comes to the pharmacists who are protected against
the abuse of ignorance.”
In Maryland, as has been referred to, we have been working and
have been disappointed from year to year, since 1^68. Maryland was
one of the first states to get to work on this subject of pharmaceutical
legislation. The whole question was an inspiration from the Modified
Medical Law of England, enacted in 1852 ; a law such as we are trying
to enact here. Their society was established in ’40 ours in ’41. The
English pharmacists agitated the subject and were disappointed as we
have been, and they continued in this way for years, and all their ef¬
forts were imperfect, unsatisfactory, as ours have been and will be for
years to come, but they kept on hammering at this one bill all the time
until 1867, when they secured a very good pharmacy law, and this ques¬
tion of law was then taken up in this country by the American Phar¬
maceutical Association. A committee was appointed to make a draft.
This general law was accepted by the Association but it became nec¬
essary in the states, working in this effort, to modify it to suit the
individual cases and conditions. In Maryland the College of Pharmacy
first called a meeting, and not-with-standing nearly all those taking
part in it have died, this work has been going on ever since.
The first law was drawn by a lawyer and was so full of holes
that you could drive carts through it. It didn’t amount to any¬
thing. This law, now presented, in my opinion, is the best that has ever
been prepared. I know that a good deal of care was taken to formulate
it ; objections to the old laws were carefully considered and helped the
formation of this. After the law had been formulated and failed
to pass, the Board of Pharmacy, of which I was a member, took
this plan, we spent the evening together, went carefully over it
section by section, and reviewed the text, and we thought this
would meet the objections to the existing law and would be as good
as anything we could get. Now to pass a law legislating a man
out of business I believe would not be constitutional. We cannot
do that. We cannot require men already in business to come up
and pass an examination, but we can legislate for the future.
Hence, if we will do in the next two years differently from what we
have done in the past, we may have some chance to have this law
passed ; the only way for us to get a law at all is to commence a long
time previous to the assembling of the legislature ; so we are not pre¬
mature in beginning action just now. If this law were published in the
38
Maryland State Pharynaceutical Associatioii.
proceedings of this meeting and placed in the hands of every pharmac.
ist in the State of Maryland and gotten out without much delay, the '
pharmacists knowing its provisions, having time to study it, will be.
come educators of the patrons and get the people interested ; and if the
people will bestir themselves in this good work and use their influence |
for their own protection, I do not think there should be any trouble in f
getting the law passed at the next session of the Legislature in 1898. (
But we should begin the work at once. Failure in the past has been in
delaying the work until the Legislature has assembled and then going |
down during the session and when the members of the Legislature were '
in turmoil over the** various other duties occupying their attention, we
have failed to get that recognition which we have deserved. Besides
the pharmacists have been informed of the nature of the bill we have to
present.
President. ---“The Committee sent a copy of the law to every
pharmacist in the State.”
Mr. Hancock. — “The law which this Association had agreed to
would have been a calamity if it had been passed. Some of the gentle¬
men thought to get anything on the statute books was a beginning.
We want the best beginning we can get. When you get a law with
many good qualities, then you can get amendments more easily than j
you can get original laws. I know it is a fact, that some of the phar- ' '
macists of the country have poisoned the minds of their legislators
against the law. They do not know what it means. Many thought it
meant to legislate them out of business, or that it would require those
men who were already in business, who were not experienced in phar¬
macy to pass an examination before the Board. The mao who had in¬
vested his capital and knew that he was ignorant would not willingly go
before the Board, and the only way to reject them would be to get his
legislators to refuse to favor the bill. But if we make this an educa¬
tional matter, invoking the aid of every pharmacist to use his influence
with the public, we will stand some chance of success. If any one is in¬
terested, it is the man who is to take the medicine, he would see the ap¬
palling and great danger that faces him. We should commence this
work in earnest at this meeting and put this draft in the hands of every
pharmacist in the State of Maryland at the earliest possible day, and
then begin to agitate in every way we can this important question, so
as to prepare the way for the Assembly in 1898.”
President.— “ I move that the Report of the Legislative Commitee
be adopted as the sentiment and sense of the Association.”
Mr. Schulze amended that it be adopted by items.
Dr. Hancock rose to a point of order, saying the report of the
Legislative Committee had been accepted.
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association. 39
President Hynson. — “I amend my motion at the suggestion of
Mr. Schulze, that it be considered seriatum.”
Secretary seconded the motion. Carried.
President read Section II of the Bill. — “ As the law now stands the
country merchant has the privilege of selling goods in original pack¬
ages and he is to have that privilege. We can never get rid of the
country merchant. If we permit him to come and register as a phar¬
macist we do the public no more harm than is done it now.”
Mr. Aughinbaugh. — ‘‘I am not a graduate of pharmacy. I had a
preceptor, I did not get my knowledge by intuition, but from instruc¬
tion. I am speaking for the welfare of the people. It is for them to be
protected and not for men as professional men alone, nor in a merce¬
nary way. We have a profession as high as that of the physician, and
we want protection just as he does. I don’t believe in taking a posi-.
tion of that kind, simply to get a law through. Let us stick where we.
are and as time goes on the people will raise their hands and say,.,
‘‘Down with ignorance and up with intelligence and education in the
way of medicine . ”
Mr. Hancock. — “If such a law as that recommended by the Com.
mittee was passed nearly all the grocery store keepers in the State
would qualify as druggists . ”
Prof. Caspari. — “I for one trust that this Association is not going
to put itself on record in such a way. It would be a most disgraceful
thing to do. The colleges all over the country are increasing their de¬
mands upon their students, and if we were to say that every Tom,
Dick and Harry who sells blue mass shall be registered as a pharmacist
in this State, I would resign from the Association. This is a dis¬
astrous move to recognize men who simply sell blue mass and dose
out quinine by the spoonful, and put them on a level with educated
men.”
President. — “The law as suggested by the Committee would not
permit any man to register as a pharmacist, it only allows every man in
business now, to remain.”
Prof. Caspari read Section 10.
Mr. Hynson. — “This is only a suggestion of the Committee.”
Prof. Caspari. — “I beg leave to call the speaker’s attention to
one thing in Section 10, “if he should furnish satisfactory proof that he
was engaged in the business of a dispensing pharmacist,” it would
depend upon the definition of these two words. The definition of
“dispensing pharmacist ” should be put in the law.”
40 Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association,
Mr. Hynson.— “The ’88 law has some exemptions, allows men
who are in business to stay, no matter whether they have experience
or not.”
Mr. Smith. — “I most decidedly object to this, as a graduate of
pharmacy. If these men were to register, nothing would prevent them
from coming into Baltimore and practicing.”
Mr. Hynson. — “There is a clause which will cover that. There
is no use discussing that point.”
Mr. Smith. — “Mr. Hynson claims that these men have some ex¬
perience, what does it amount to ? If selling shoes is ever going to
make me a shoemaker, I would like to know it. This thing of selling
will not make a man a druggist. It would be debasing pharmacy
father than elevating it to accept that resolution.”
Mr. Hancock. — “This proposition that the country merchant who
registers as a pharmacist cannot come to the city of Baltimore, I claim,
is not in that law. The men in the State of Maryland anywhere who
become registered pharmacists can come to Baltimore, or go out into
the State, or wherever they please. It opens the door so wide that lots
of men would come as a protection to themselves and register under
our pharmacy law. It would be the most disgraceful thing that could
be performed by a legislature. I move that part of the report be
rejected.
Original question called for, that the suggestion of the Legisla¬
tion Committee be adopted as the sense of this Association.
Mr. Smith called for the reading of the Section.
Question called, acted upon, lost.
Prof. Culbreth. — “The gentlemen who have voted this proposi¬
tion down should give some substitute.” |
Prof. Caspari. — “ I think Section 14 will fill the bill.”
Mr. Hynson. — “The merchants have not been satisfied with it.”
Prof. Caspari. — “ Section 14 says that the country merchant shall
not be allowed to compound or dispense drugs, medicines or prescrip¬
tions, or to sell at retail, or dispense poisons for medicinal use. It
allows him to sell medicine of official strength, (if found deficient in
strength he should be liable to the law,) in original packages bearing
the name of the manufacturer.” !
Prof. Culbreth. — “ The question is one of expediency, as this is
not the sense of the meeting we must give something in return. How
can we bring these men over ? Every time we go down to Annapolis
they defeat us. Cannot we overcome them by some substitution ? ”
J/arj'la?id State Pharmace^ithal Association. 41
Mr. Hancock. — “This has already been explained to the satisfac¬
tion of some of the country merchants. As soon as this law passes,
those who supply these country merchants pills, will put them up
in convenient retail packages the sizes they want, and this will relieve
these men of responsibility ; the goods can be traced back to the party
who supplied them. This will be a great convenience to these people.
They will be supplied with small packages and there will be no
difficulty.”
Mr. Aughinbaugh. — “My friend Prof. Culbreth, thinks we ought
to do something to satisfy these people. That is the way we have had
our bill defeated every time we have come before the legislature. I
think four years ago you had a bill passed for Baltimore City. We
have had four meetings of the Legislature. Dr. Culbreth was the
Chairman of the Committee on Legislation. He went to Annapolis,
The Committee was called up at the College of Pharmacy. Dr. Cul¬
breth made a report and a full one it was. He said, — “We cannot get
the bill through for the State of Maryland, but I believe we can for the
City of Baltimore.” That was all right. It was discussed in the Com¬
mittee. There was one other gentleman from the country, I do not
remember his name. The opinions of the country members were
asked. There was not much to say. I said, — “ Gentlemen, we
are not like the dog in the manger, if we cannot eat ourselves
we do not want to keep our city brothers from eating. We are willing
to put our shoulder to the wheel and help them along in putting their
bill through.” I did most cheerfully do all that I could for this bill.
But at the same time I got these replies, — “Now gentlemen, if we go to
work and can get this bill through for the City of Baltimore, there is no
hope for the State of Maryland ; we can ask to have our counties at¬
tached to the City of Baltimore’s Bill. ” Two years afterwards one of
the representatives from my county consented. I told him No, we
don’t want Washington county tacked on to Baltimore City’s Bill.’’
He said, You are right, it is nothing but a local matter.” He came
home one day and said, — “We are going to have a bill for the State,
you wont get Washington county tacked on to Baltimore’s Bill.” I
went to the legislators and just about the time I was going to intro¬
duce this bill, some one came from Baltimore and introduced one
for the City, and I was told my bill was dead. If you cannot get
this through as a local matter, you cannot do anything. Now about
your suggestion, how are we going to pacify these gentlemen? If
you want to pacify these gentlemen by making them pharmacists we
are not going to be satisfied.”
Dr. Culbreth. — “ I thought we might institute some method,
allowing them to continue in the same line. It strikes me that if it is
necessary to get the good will or co-operation of these men, can not we
42
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association.
by some method bring them into line, by saying, (We will permit you
to handle certain things, possibly in a little more liberal form than that
law allows. ) These are the men who continue to defeat us, we must
pacify that element. ”
Mr. Hynson. — “There are three counties, — Charles, St. Mary’s
and Calvert, which have no showing ; they are absolutely without drug
stores.’’
Mr. Brown. — “ It would be a step in the right direction to make
the Baltimore City Law applicable to the cities of Maryland of not
less than two thousand inhabitants. Finally we may get the whole
State.”
Mr. McKinney. — “I move that the incoming Committee on Legis¬
lation be instructed to take this bill, before us now, as a model, have
the bill printed and circulated among all the druggists of the State,
with a request for suggestions from them for any changes to be made,
and for that Committee to report at the next annual meeting and then
prepare a bill for the coming Legislature of 1898.”
Mr. McKinney. — “ I put the motion to have something before
the house, if it does not meet with your approbation, vote it down.”
Mr. J. F. Hancock. — “I am in favor of this matter being made an
educational question, but we have discussed it and we have a great
deal before us. Let us have it put in shape to be brought up in our
next annual meeting. We will then have sufficient time to prepare for
the incoming legislature.”
Mr. Hynson repeated Mr. McKinney’s motion.
Mr. Dohme. — “It seems to me that we have overlooked one impor¬
tant matter in trying to push this bill through. That we should pay so
much attention to the pharmacists is not so much to the purpose.
What good does it do to send a copy to him ? He is already favor¬
able. What we do want is to get the public interested. When the
Bankruptcy Bill was before the House the only thing that passed it
through in a couple of weeks was the money spent in getting the gen¬
eral public interested enough to get their representatives to vote in its
interests. The press of the City and State should be interested suffi¬
ciently to write articles on the subject, to bring out the importance of
having such a law. The Henderson Bankruptcy Bill was gotten
through only because there was money spent to get the general public
interested and to have its voice felt in bringing pressure upon the
representatives.”
Mr. Hynson. — “Do you offer an amendment to this resolution.”
Mr. Dohme.— “I move to amend the resolution to, besides sending
a copy of the bill to the pharmacists, also get each of the newspapers
of the City to publish it.”
Mr. McKinney accepted the amendment.
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Associatioji.
43
Mr. Smith. — “We adopted that plan and had a very sad exper¬
ience about six years ago. I worked with the Committee on Legisla"
tion nearly a year, for a week until midnight. We sent out the
law, printed three months before our annual meeting with the request
that the suggestions be returned ; about two weeks before the meeting
took place the printed law had been sent to every. pharmacist in the
State. On the day of the meeting I had received but two suggestions
outside of the City of Baltimore. A few were made at the meeting
subsequently and we debated the law; after considerable discussion, it
finally came to nothing. There are more men in the City of Baltimore
working for the State law than there are outside of it. They have no
chance at these meetings. I doubt whether some of them know whether
they want the law or not The Committee ought to call the pharmac¬
ists’ attention to the fact that they should educate the people in person
and through the press.”
Mr. Dohme. — “We have all been forcibly impressed with the
power of the press in our recent election. If it had not been for the
‘ Baltimore Sun ’ the results would have been diflferent. If we could
get it sufficiently interested in the pharmacy law from a correct stand¬
point and get it to write editorials on it once in a while, it would have
more effect than any other influence.”
Mr. Hynson. — “All this amounts to referring the matter to the
Legislative Committee.”
Resolution, as amended, was adopted.
Mr. Hynson. — “That settles the legislative question for this year,
I hope you are satisfied. The next thing in order is the report of the
Secretary of the Pharmacy Board of Baltimore City.”
Dr. J. F. Hancock made the report for* the Board. ^
Dr. Hancock said he had made a brief report of what the Board
had done in 1896.
REPORT BY MR. J. F. HANCOCK, Secretary.
It has been suggested that a report of the Pharmacy Board at this
meeting might be of some interest. Beside the steward should render
an account to his master of what has been done. The Pharmacy law
now operated in Baltimore City, was passed by the General As¬
sembly of Maryland at the January Session, 1892, and the Governor of
the State appointed the following gentlemen as members of the Board.
Prof. D. M. R. Culbreth, Dr. Edwin Eareckson and J. F. Hancock,
who having qualified proceeded to the execution of the Law.
The previous Law, more imperfect and consequently more difficult
to enforce having been superseded by the present Code, a new proce¬
dure was necessary.
44
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association.
A few pharmacists had in violation of the previous Law commenced
business without having the sanction of the Board, and the Commis¬
sioners hesitated to proceed against them, with the uncertainty of gain¬
ing their case particularly as a violator of the law some time previous,
had through the shrewdness of his lawyer gained his case, on the weak¬
ness of the law, putting the cost of trial and Court charges on the Com¬
missioners.
In the fact that the office had been a labor of love and not of finan¬
cial profit, such an order of things was not to be desired. At that time
the Commissioners were the prosecutors. Under the law of 1892 the
onerous duty of prosecuting offenders is the duty of the State’s At¬
torney on the testimony of the Commissioners, and there registration
clause made the position of slight remuneration and less risk.
There registration feature had been and is very objectionable to
some pharmacists, and they paid the fee of one dollar very reluctantly.
Both the Law and the commissioners had many enemies, but the
three brave men faced the storm with the olive branch, hoping to con¬
quer without wounding.
They may not have succeeded but beyond question, the Law has
more friends to-day by the course pursued. Unjust criticism has fre¬
quently been indulged by those who have been too exacting. Two in¬
fluences have been met that at times became uncomfortable, viz : the
feeling on the part of the pharmacists that they were being annually
robbed of one dollar and the other, a seeming desire of some, that the
commissioners should legislate every other fellow out of business.
They would make wholesale charges against other’s for violating the
Code, and swear vengeance on the Board for not pouncing against
them with the mighty arm of the Law and driving them out of business.
But the commissioners have uniformly refused radical measures,
they w^ere not desirous of bringing trouble on any but to enforce the
Law in the best interest of Justice.
We sometimes look through glasses that reflect the color of our
choice and would have other’s do that which v/e could not have the
courage to do ourselves.
To view the work of any organization from the outside presents a
different picture to that to be seen on the inside.
In some cases where pharmacists were in arrears in registering a
personal visit would be made for the purpose of meeting their argu¬
ment against the Law, and hostility to the Board, whom they regarded
as a common enemy, yet the work proceeded on the plan that you “can
catch more flies with molasses than with vinegar. ” The plan was ef¬
fectual in most cases, sometimes it would fail.
The Commissioners found that their chief good to pharmacy was in
conducting the examinations in a way to prevent incompetent persons
commencing business on their own account either as owners, managers
or relief.
Maryland State Pharmrbeutical Association.
45
In this harsh criticism has been indulged by some. For instance a
pharmacist who had some time previously employed an assistant in
whom he did not have much confidence. Should this same assistant,
sometime after, come before the Board and pass a successful examina¬
tion, the Board would be condemned by the former employer, who
would not give any credit for improvement as the result of experience
and study.
In some cases it would be the old story of “I do not like thee. Dr.
Fell.”
In our experience with Board work, extending over many years,
it has been found that some of those who were at first rejected, have
subsequently come before the Board very greatly improved, have pas¬
sed satisfactory examinations and have become creditable practitioners
of pharmacy, while had the law not been in existence, they would in
their ignorance have entered the ranks of pharmacy, without any stim¬
ulus to make them students and would have been an enemy and a
danger to themselves and to their customers, not possessing that
modicum of knowledge necessary to make them safe in the practice
of pharmacy.
The standard of the Board has been higher during the past year
than ever before, the result of experience and deliberation and with
the complexion of the present Board, we are assured that the standard
will be maintained.
It was found that some who came before the Board were theo¬
retically well informed, but poor manipulators, and on that account
rejected.
With the changed condition of the Maryland College, of Pharmacy,
in not requiring four years of practical experience behind the counter,
as one of the requisites for graduation, it became the duty of the Board
to require an examination of the College graduates.
In their work they have been compelled in some cases to turn down
those who have passed other Boards, and those who have graduated
from University Schools of Pharmacy as well.
Under the law of i8c2, there have been but two persons presented
to the State’s Attorney for prosecution, and in each case compromises
were made by their attorneys with the State attorney, with consent of
the Commissioners, but breaks have been hard down against those who
have attempted to make Baltimore their refuge after being turned
away from other state Boards.
The work of the Board confined as it has been to the City of Balti¬
more, has been insignificant, compared with that of the State Boards of
those states having several large cities and otherwise large populations,
and extending to the entire States, which is the case in most instances.
In Maryland we should blush to know that we have been legisla¬
ting since 1868, without having secured for the entire State a law to re¬
gulate the practice of Pharmacy.
46
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association.
The work of the Board in Baltimore can establish proof of the im¬
portance and utility of such a pharmacy law, not only to the safety of
the people, but as a just protection to the qualified pharmacists.
In the State of Maryland there are about five hundred pharmacists,
a little more than three hundred of that number are in the City of Balti¬
more. This estimate is for number of pharmacies not the number of
pharmacists actually employed.
Since the passage of the law of 1892, there have been examined 107
persons, sixty-four of those were granted the Board’s certificate and
forty-three were rejected ; or, about forty per cent, of those examined
have failed to pass, some of whom were totally unfit for the business.
It is to be hoped that this Association will, at this meeting, take
such steps as will make the passage of a law for the whole state, at the
next Session of the General Assembly, an assured fact. It has in its
possession the best draft that has yet been made, and its publication
and distribution in the year’s Proceedings will place it before the phar¬
macists of the State in a manner to fully inform each one of its import¬
ance, and not allow any one to oppose it through ignorance of its im¬
portance.
Mr, Schulze read the following report of the Committee on
Trade Interests : —
To the Officers and Members of the Maryland State Pharmaceutical
Association.
Gentlemen; — Your Committee on Trade Interests desires to tender
the following report: Immediately after the appointment of this
Committee, the Chairman wrote to each member thereof requesting
him to make notes of such incidents taking place during the year, that
he might deem of sufficient importance to incorporate in a report at
our annual meeting ; although this did not have the full result desired,
yet it no doubt created a more cordial feeling between the different
members of the Committee, and we believe also a greater interest in
the affairs of the Association ; as the Chairman received during the year
written assistance and encouragement from each member of the Com¬
mittee.
Owing to a continuance of the depressed condition of all business
during the year, the trade of the Apothecary has improved but very
little if any and no less than eleven of our trade in Baltimore, as also
two or three in the State at large, were compelled to make assign¬
ments, among them being the proprietors of several old established
stands ; sixteen stores in Baltimore and two in the State (of which we
have been appraised) have changed hands ; two members of our trade
have been visited by fire and two have changed location.
Marylafid State Pharmaceutical Association.
47
Shortly after the adjournment of the last meeting of our Associa¬
tion, a large number of our Baltimore pharmacists had their already
heavy burden of woes added to by being compelled to appear before
the Collector of Internal Revenue for selling Pabst Malt Extract, and
were compelled to pay a license of $25 per year or a portion thereof, as
it was claimed that this preparation could not be sold without an Inter¬
nal Revenue License ; however, we believe this matter was afterward
favorably amended by the manufacturers of the article in dispute.
As to prices, whilst there is no great change in them, yet, notwith¬
standing the fact that the retailer is and has been compelled to sell at
a lower margin, yet the jobbers and manufacturers have increased
prices on several of the so-called rebate articles ; which is undoubtedly
the result of the wholesale and manufacturing trade being well organ¬
ized, whilst the retail trade is not ; for we firmly believe if threefourths
of the retail trade of our State were members of our Association and
a like number in other States of their respective associations, the
retailer would have no trouble in demanding his just recognition from
all with whom he deals ; however, we have been informed that a move¬
ment has been organized in the East that will be suggested here to-day,
to remedy the evil of price-cutting, if entered into, by the drug trade.
Another of the growing evils from which the drug trade suffers in
the City of Baltimore and most likely elsewhere in the State, is the
increased number of dispensaries that are patronized by thousands of
persons who could well afford to pay for medicines as well as medical
attendance, and it is a question demanding our close attention how, to
remedy this.
At the recent meeting of the Maryland Medical and Chirurgical
Faculty, this was the subject of a paper read, showing that the Medical
profession are awaking to the injury done them thereby and there¬
fore your Committee on Trade Interests would suggest that we send
delegates to the next meeting of that body to co-operate with them in
improving this matter, as well as other affairs that would have a tend¬
ency to bring about a more cordial and mutually advantageous rela¬
tionship between the two professions.
In conclusion we would say, it is the wish of our Committee that
all might take as active an interest in all matters tending to the ad¬
vancement of our trade interests as they should, and then you may rest
assured that when we meet again, a year hence, the business outlook
will be far better than to-day.
Louis Schulze, Chairman,
C. V. Emich,
Thos. G. Forwood,
C. H. Redden,
C. H. Ware.
On motion the report was adopted.
48 Maryland State Pharmaceuttcal Association.
Chas. H. Ware read the following answer to Query 5 ; —
How TO BE CHARITABLE WITHOUT INCREASING PAUPERISM. — This
is a grave and serious problem ; the wisest philanthropists have been
unable to solve it. I believe that the corner stone of practical Chris¬
tianity is Charity, so, do not think I look with disfavor on public and pri¬
vate hospitals and dispensaries. Nor must I fail to praise and admire
the physicians and surgeons who give so much of their time to hospital
work, very often at the risk of their lives, and I hardly think the salaries
paid them compensate for the time taken from their private practice.
But with the increase of hospitals and medical colleges there has
arisen a great demand for patients for their clinics, and I understand
not only the poor, but the well to do and even the prosperous are
going to them for free treatment and medicine.
I have been informed that fully 200,000 people of this City pay
almost nothing for medical treatment and medicine, and this is taking
no account of the great numbers of people who never pay either the
doctors or the druggists, unless forced to do so by collectors and
lawyers.
Such a state of affairs certainly calls for remedial legislation ;
otherwise the people will be educated to believe in a paternalism,
little better than pauperism and their children will follow in their foot¬
steps and become a burden to the State.
It is hardly necessary for me to state, that the majority of physi¬
cians and druggists cannot make a respectable living on this account.
While the druggists have been greatly injured by the grocers, depart¬
ment stores and cutters, the free dispensaries have injured them the
most. One of the most popular is the one at Johns Hopkins Hospital,
probably because by paying 10 cts. for each prescription the taint of
pauperism is removed.
Even wealthy people are said to patronize this establishment. A
well known philanthropist tells the story that a richly dressed lady was
waiting in the Johns Hopkins Dispensary one day, when one of the
clerks asked her if she wanted a prescription filled. “Oh, no,” she
said, “ I have had mine filled and am only waiting for my maid whose
prescription is not yet ready.” They were afterwards seen to go round
the corner, enter a carriage and drive away. Now of course, the
trustees of Johns Hopkins do not want this class of patients. But rich
people like to buy cheap, and so they go to Johns Hopkins as to a
bargain counter. If no charge were made for medicine, they would be
too proud to be classed as free patients, and would trade elsewhere.
In fact I understand these trustees have expressed themselves willing
and anxious to draw the line more closely if possible. If it is true that
the lady in] her sealskin sacque sits side by side with the tramp and
pauper, waiting for free treatment in their hospital, the doctor and
druggist should unite in agitating the question until some reform is
Maryla7id State Phramaceutical Association.
49
made. If the names of some of these rich people were published it
would have a salutary effect.
It is a popular fallacy that the druggist makes a fortune every year
by compounding prescriptions of bread pills and hydrant water ; that
his soda fountain pays him a net profit all the waj^ from $5000 to $50,000
annually.
George Alfred Townsend (Gath) describes a druggist who went
to Congress as a man who preached temperance in his front store and
sold liquor in his back room, whose mind was so dwarfed by weighing
out an infinitesimal grain of aloes to make into pills and charge a fabu¬
lous price for, that he was the meanest cuss in congress. By such men¬
dacious stories is the reputation of the druggist injured, and I fully
believe one-half the people think we are like birds of prey, fattening
on their misfortunes, and they feel justified in going to the dispensa¬
ries. The answer I always make to these stories is that any one who
wants to make a druggist’s fortune can buy out.^one-half of them at
invoice price if they are guaranteed a moderate salary in some other
business.
About twenty years ago I was a clerk in a drug store in one of the
aristocratic suburbs of Boston. One day, when the store was half filled
with ladies, a drunken drummer staggered into the store and shouted
at the top of his voice, “ Don’t you want to pitch into paint ? ” “ No, ”
I said “We don’t want to pitch into paint. ” “Well,” he replied,
“ Don’t you want to pitch into paint if it will pay you? ” Ever after
that when business was dull, my employer would say with a laugh,
“ Well, it is so dull I guess we will have to pitch into paint ”
The revenues of the druggist to-day are so small that we cannot
make a living out of the legitimate drug business and the brightest
writers of our journals advise us to be enterprising, stock a general
line of merchandise, and pitch into something that pays. Many of us
are filling our windows full of frogs, aquariums, and even alligators
to attract attention.
We sell ice cream in our soda, and we decorate our stores with
large signs. That because our soda water is fine our drugs are fresh.
Buy your ready mixed paint from us. Look at our photographic sup¬
plies. Our bug poison is strong. Go barefoot if you don’t want corns,
but if you wear shoes, we are head-quarters for corn cures, and so on
ad nauseum.
Is it any wonder that the majority of druggists will say that the ele¬
vation of Pharmacy has no attraction for them.
That they have no time to manufacture, and buy their lime water
and cold cream and other pharmaceutical preparations from the manu¬
facturer— and is it any wonder that the manufacturer can not send his
agents to the physicians and convince them, that they had much better
buy proprietary medicines and preparations from them and stop
■writing prescriptions.
50
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association.
I often feel like a waiter at a hotel, the manufacturer is paid for
the prescription and I am paid for the corkage.
At the risk of a reputation of being a calamity howler, let me say
we will soon be forced to form a strong guild for protection or go out
of the drug business.
In regard to the revenues of physicians, I hope you have all read
Dr. Mansfield’s able article in the Maryland Medical Journal. He says
50 per cent, of the patients at the dispensaries can pay for advice and
treatment. That the young men do the work and the older men get the
credit, so that the young man is a savant in the hospital and a numb¬
skull and amateur in his office.
I am glad to say the Presbyterian Eye and Ear Hospital is trying to
correct these dispensary abuses, and I have no doubt they will succeed.
I sincerely trust all the other hospitals will make the same effort.
Mr. McKinney.— “ In answer to Query 4th, — “ Do not free dispen¬
saries and charity hospitals tend to encourage pauperism, and should
not such service when supported by public moneys be directly under
state or municipal control ?” said, — I think there is only one way to
answer this question and that is in the affirmative. To the second part
of the query, I would state that when the City’s money is appropriated
for the purpose of keeping up these dispensaries, they should be under
city discipline and control.”
Mr. Hynson, — “We are much obliged to Mr. McKinney for his
answer. He has had only a day or two to prepare. This matter can be
brought up again, if it is the pleasure of the Association.”
Motion to adjourn — seconded — carried.
THURSDAY MORNING.
The Convention was called to order at ii o’clock, President in
the chair.
The President introduced Miss Watts of Port Deposit, the first
lady member ; also Dr. Dwinelle.
Dr. Dwinelle said he had been very much interested in the pro¬
ceedings of the meeting which he had read from day to day. He
wished the Association great success in its work.
The first item on the programme was an address on “ New Syn-
thetrical Products,” by Professor Virgil Coblentz, of New York which
received marked attention and for which Prof. Coblentz received a
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association. 51
rising vote of thanks. The order of programme was changed so as to
permit the reading of the Report of the Committee on Pharmacy as
first item in the afternoon’s transactions.
Prof. Culbreth read the report as follows : —
To the Officers and Members of the Maryland State Pharmaceutical
Association.
Gentlemen : — If we are to take seriously the many interviews as
had with a number of our reputable pharmacists and also to accept as
true the mass of literature from the pens of practical men, that has
appeared recently in the pharmaceutical journals, we must come to
but one conclusion — that at present there is no “Progress of Phar¬
macy.” No one claims a cessation or suspension of motion along this
line but that whatever movement there is, has a negative and not a
positive direction. The journals, editorially, take a more cheerful
view of the situation, since they fancy themselves the possessors of
greater opportunity of surveying kindred fields and channels, which
are inaccessible to the average druggist, consequently, many words of
encouragement are extended to the patient toiler behind the counter
from the fact of the writers presaging better days to pharmacy in the
near future. They suggest that this is the evolutionary (revolutionary)
period of our trade and all that the present generation has to do is to
“ bear and forbear” or “watch and wait” and in due time the phar¬
maceutical Utopia will be reached, when to be in the drug business
will be all delight and pleasure. This fancied conception, w'e all know,,
must be accepted “ cum grano salis.”
A very prominent physician a few weeks ago in addressing a gradu¬
ating class of a college of pharmacy, not over a thousand miles away,
was not so sanguine about our bright outlook, unless we become less
merchants and more analysts. He thinks that pharmacists should be
the ally to the physician to the extent, at least, of thoroughly exam¬
ining all submitted specimens of urin, sputa, questionable compounds,
etc. In the minds of most pharmacists there will arise considerable
doubt as to the feasibility of such a plan, because if even they did pre¬
pare themselves in these special lines, would they not find their labor
to be mostly one of love and in the long run to be playing the part of
the good Samaritan, without remuneration sufficient for a living ?
Apart from these advised innovations your committee has thought
it unwise to offer any special suggestions as to progressive methods in
our business, since no doubt, your chairman of trade interests, will
have considerable to say on the subject.
On the other hand it must be acknowledged by the thoughtful, that
the educational and scientific channels of pharmacy have, since our
last meeting, made great advancement. In the A. Ph. A. Proceedings,,
just published, six hundred and tift}’^ pages are required to tell the his-
52
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Assocmtion.
tory of pharmaceutical progress within the given twelve months and
had this report not have been abriged by Prof. Caspari, it would have
tilled one thousand pages. So we must all admit that annually we
have made great additions to our store of pharmaceutical material.
Again if we stop to compare current literature, as represented by
our present-day journals, with that of ten years ago, we find a very de¬
cided improvement. These publications are yearly increasing in num¬
ber and to gain introduction, their subscription prices are placed low
and are often sent free of charge. Such being distributed all over our
land, are possibly the very best agents for disseminating general
pharmacal knowledge and levering up the tendency of our calling. A
decade ago only a few monthlies were at command, later came a
couple of semi-monthlies and within the past year, one of these has
become a veritable weekly magazine — sound in body and mind, there¬
fore destined for a long and useful existence. Besides all this the
number of monthlies have greatly increased, so that now all progressive
druggists are kept conscious of every business pulsation.
Another element of progress deserving mention is in the line of
recently published text books. It has only been a few years since that
American authors were very rare individuals and even these, with one
or two exceptions, their works were of little merit. Today, however,
this is far from the case, because within the past few years, such men
as Maisch, Curtman, Caspari, Simon, Remington, Rice, Sadtler, Old-
burg, Bastin, Sayer, Trimble, Power, Hoffman, Coblentz, Beal, Rusby,
Culbreth, Tilliffe, Lloyd, Scoville and many other have all contributed
valuable works or material that has largely served to elevate our calling
so as to rank with the professions.
One very recent book deserving special consideration at this time
of our pharmacists is that of Prof. Caspari’s “Treatise on Pharmacy.”
This appeared some six months ago and has, as was expected, received
warm recognition and friendly criticism, and has already been adopted
as a text book in a number of institutions.
In conclusion your committee has thought it best not to burden
this report with a great number of newer remedies that have appeared
within the past year, consequently have selected only a few — such as
was thought of most interest and importance to the present-day retail
pharmacists and have here appended the same. We most earnestly
recommend the members of our association to the Report on the Pro¬
gress of Pharmacy as appearing in the A. Ph. A. Proceedings, Vol. a^,,
and to the various journals for a more complete resume of our trade
during the last eighteen months.
A New Element. — Bayer thinks he has discovered a new element
among the by-products left after the extraction of aluminum from red
bauxite. The liquors contain chiefly sodium carbonate and sulphate,
together with chromic, vanadic, molybdic, silicic, arsenic, phosphoric,
Maryland State Pharmacentical Association.
53
and tungstic acids, as well as alumina, magnesia, lime, etc. The sup¬
posed element exists in the liquors in the form of an acid, which is
soluble in water and forms yellow crystals. The solution is not pre¬
cipitated by sulphuretted hydrogen, but may be obtained on evapora¬
ting its solutions as a bluish violet oxide, which subsequently becomes
further oxidized and lemon yellow in color. The later compound,
which probably corresponds to the formula R 205, has marked acid
tendencies, and forms characteristic compounds with different bases.
The spectrum of the new body exhibits characteristic lines in the green,
blue and violet and it is suggested that Bayer has discovered one of
the missing elements predicted by Mendeleef in the nitrogen-phos¬
phorus group. (Bui. delaSoc. Chim.(3)XI, 1155)
Repercolation in Official Pharmacy.— R. A. Cripps deduces
two types of manipulations. The first is applicable in the preparation
of extracts of cimicifuga, coca, hamamelis, hydrastis, jaborandi, nux
vomica, rhamnus frangula, taraxacum and viburnum, etc. The pro¬
cess is : divide 4 lbs. of the drug into 4 equal parts, dampen the first
portion with 10 fid. oz. of the diluted spirit, macerate 6 hours, pack in
a percolator, add sufficient menstrum to saturate the drug and leave a
layer above. When the liquid begins to drop, close the orifice and
macerate for 24 hours. Then allow percolation to proceed. Collect
the percolate in fractions of 10 fid. ozs. and with the first dampen a
second portion of drug. Then pack, macerate and percolate as form¬
erly, but save the first 8 ozs. using the next 10 fid. ozs. to dampen a
third portion. Treat this like the second portion, but reserve 16 fid.
ozs. and add to the 8 ozs. previously reserved. Dampen the fourth por¬
tion of drug with the next 10 fid. ozs. of drug and carry on the percola¬
tion as before until 40 fid. ozs. have been obtained from the last percol¬
ator, which is added to the reserved portion. The alcohol in the drug
is recovered by replacement with water or pressure. In Type 2, the
process is the same as that given above, excepting that no percolate is
reserved from the second and third percolators, but the whole of the
menstrum is carried through the whole series of percolators. The
followings extracts are made in this manner : Belladonna, cinchona,
filix mas, gelsemium, glycyrrhiza, physostigma, quassia, etc. (Pharm.
Jour. Trans., 1895, 1169.)
Thyroid Extract. — The glands, best cut, personally, from the
freshly killed sheep freed from cysts (of fatty, not purulent matter,)
and non-hypertrophic, were cleaned from fat, etc. sliced thinly, bruised
and for every lobe i C. C. of Glycerine and i C. C. of sterilized water
added. After standing 24 hours the dull red, thick liquid was strained
off through fine calico. For hypodermic use, water with 0.5 per cent of
carbolic acid was substituted for the plain water. A powder of good
keeping qualities could be made by drying the expressed juice mixed
54
Marylajid State Pharmaceutical Association.
with sugar of milk on glass plates. As regarding the active principle
of the thyroid gland, the author agreed with Gourlay that there was
present nucleo-albumen, but very little proteid, no mucin, proteose
nor peptone. At the same time he doubted the possession of any
peculiar virtue by the nucleo-albumen. In accordance with the sug¬
gestion of G. Murray, the author made an aqueous extract of loo lobes,
previously digested for weeks in absolute alcohol, the extract evapora¬
ted under reduced pressure at 30 degrees C. was poured into 10 vols.
of absolute alcohol, the precipitated substance again extracted with
water and precipitated. The final product weighed o. 792 Gm. and
experiments upon its activity were being carried out by Murray.
Aminol. — This is a new antiseptic and deodorizer in the form of a
gas, introduced within the past year. It is presented for use in the
form of solution of the gas, which latter is obtained by the action of
lime upon some of the amine compounds. It is said to occur in the
flowers of the hawthorn and pear tree but it also is found in the natural
decomposition of nitrogenous vegetable and animal matter. It is found
in commercial quantities in the brine in which herring have been cured^
An English firm call attention to the fact that it is being successfully
used in combination with lime as the basis of the process for the puri¬
fication of sewage at Wimbledon, England. Two solutions are offered
both alkaline, and of a disagreeable, shrimp-like odor. One is recom¬
mended for general disinfection and the other for gargles, injections
and surgical dressings. The difference between the two solutions is
not explained, but may be that of strength only. (Squibb’s Ephem.
1895 (Jan.) , 1591.
Chloeolin. — This is an antiseptic and disinfectant in which the
mono and trichlorphenols are the most important constituents. It is
recommended particularly for the disinfection of urinals and water-
closets. For use in surgery and gynecology 2 to 3 per cent, solutions are
recommended ; as a gargle }4 to 2 per cent, solution should be used.
( Pharm* Centralh., 1895, 63. )
Formalin.— Weigle and Merkel have investigated the action of for¬
malin with the view of ascertaining if it could be used as a food pre¬
servative. They find that in the case of milk its use is followed by
marked changes in the behavior of the caseine, which, though obscure
in their origin, are such as to warrant the prohibition of its use for pre¬
serving this food substance. They also consider that exact investiga¬
tions should be undertaken, with the object of ascertaining the best
means of detecting the addition of formaldehyde, as in the case of
boiled milk they were not able to detect it with certainty. (Forchungs-
Ber, II., 91)
Guaiacol Phosphite. — Both creosote and phosphorus constitute
important remedies^in the treatment of tuberculosis and Ballard has
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association.
55
endeavored to combine these two agents into one. He has succeeded
in producing a definite compound which in La Medicine Modern he
describes as follows ; “ Phosphite of Guaiacol occurs as a white crys¬
talline powder, of warm but not caustic taste. It fuses at 77.5 deg. C.,
is very soluble in alcohol, ether and chloroform ; soluble in water,
acetone, benzene, toluene and fatty oils ; slightly .soluble in oil of tur¬
pentine and glycerine. This substance contains 92.25 per cent, of gua¬
iacol and 7.75 per cent, of directly absorbable phosphorus. ” Thus, in
addition to the large proportion of guaiacol, phosphorus, an element so
essential to the nutrition of the tuberculous, is represented in such
quantity that 3.50 Gm. of phosphite of guaiacol are equivalent to i Gm.
of phosphite of calcium and 2.50 Gm. of phosphite of calcium. Prelim¬
inary experiments on dogs have been made which allow the maximum
limit for man to be fixed provisionally at from 10 to 12 Gm. per full
dose, showing the compound to be sufficiently harmless to admit a full
therapeutic use. It only remains to test its clinical employment.
Experiments are to be undertaken upon some tuberculous patients and
in proper time the results will be reported. (West. Drug. Jan., 1895)
Neurodin, unquestionably possesses anti-neuralgic properties and
favorably influences the pains of articular rheumatism, trigeminal neu¬
ralgia, migraine and diffuse headaches of various natures ; even the
pains of tumor cerebri, tic douloureux, molimina menstrualia, sciatica,
and tabes dorsalis are frequently mitigated by neurodin. As with all
anti-neuralgics, occasionally perspiration, sensation of heat, nausea,
and dizziness appear as by effects. Oppenheim recommends neurodin
as the first anodyne to be tried in any painful condition, and if no
benefit be derived from repeated doses, to replace it by one of its
congeners. The most efficacious analgesic dose is from to 2 Gm.
(Merck’s Market Report.)
Salactol, an Antidiphtheritic. — Walle (Apoth. Zgt. 1894, 876)
describes salactol (not to be confounded with “ salacetol ;’*) as a com¬
bination of the salicylate and lactate of sodium. A i per cent, solution
in hydrogen peroxide is said to be a means of promptly arresting the
growth of diphtheritic membranes, and causing their disintegration.
The author states that he has not had a single fatal issue in a large
number of cases of diphtheria treated with this salactol solution ; no
internal medication was employed except in cases of persistent fever.
The salactol solution was applied every four hours by means of a brush.
Inhalations of the solution were also used in some cases. (Merck’s
Report, Jan., 1895.)
Zinc Subgallate, is described as an odorless, non-hygroscopic,
non-toxic, non-irritant, greenish-grey, neutral powder, insoluble in all
ordinary solvents, unaffected by light, and containing 44 per cent, of
zinc oxide and 56 per cent, of gallic acid. This new remedy is used
56 Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association.
both internally and externally.. Internally it has been recommended
in doses of to 4 grains (3 to 25 Ctg.) in fermentative disorders of the
intestines, and in night-sweats. Externally it has been used in eczema,
fresh and septic wounds, otorrhoea, gonorrhoea and hemorrhoids. It
is applied pure or diluted with indifferent powders or ointments. As an
injection in gonorrhoea it is suspended in water and mucilage, in the
proportion of i to 16. (Merck’s Mark. Rep., 1895, 134.)
Mercury Acetanilid.— L. Pesci has obtained the following com¬
pound by the action of mercury acetate upon a boiling solution of ace¬
tanilid of the formula
C H— N H— C H O
Hg ' ' ' ' ( C H O )
C H— N H— C HO
6 4 2 3
It forms shining rhombohedral crystals, M. P. 218-220 deg. C., sol¬
uble in boiling water or methyl alcohol but not in benzol. On treat¬
ment with KOH, a hydroxide is obtained which, on treatment with
BaS, yields para-mercuriacetanilid. This is not crystallized from boil¬
ing alcohol and has M. P. 244-246 deg. ( Gazz. Chim. Ital., 1894, 449 ;
Chem. Zeit., 1895 ( Rep ), 25. )
IcHTHYOL Incompatibles. — The Chemist and Druggist was re¬
cently asked for imformation concerning the action of ichthyol on syrup
of iodide of iron. One dram of ichthyol had been ordered in combina¬
tion with 3 ozs. of syrup of iodide of iron, and it was asked if sulpho-
ichthyolate of iron is formed in the mixture. The matter was referred
to the Ichthyol Gesellschaft Cordes, whose chemist states that assum¬
ing by reaction of ichthyol ammonium with ferrous iodide, ammonium
iodide and sulpho-ichthyolate of iron are formed, as the sulpho-ich-
thyolate of iron is insoluble in water it can be easily prepared by pre¬
cipitation from ichthyol solutions with any soluble ferrous salts and
washing the precipitate with water. By addition of ferric salts to
ichthyol solutions, precipitates containing iron compounds of ichthyol
are also formed, while at the same time partial oxidation of ichthyol is
brought about by the ferric oxide. ( Amer. Drug and Phar. Rec., 1895,
364.)
Ingestol. — Is the name given a remedy which is recommended in
acute and chronic complaints of the stomach and intestines, and in sea¬
sickness. It is a slightly opalescent, light citron yellow aqueous solu¬
tion, which is said to contain the sulphates of magnesium, sodium and
potassium, sodium chloride, alcohol, ether and iron. ( Pharm. Cen.
tralh., 1894, 533.)
Suppositories Without Ice. — Every druggist has had more or
less trouble in molding suppositories during warm weather, from which
J. Hugh Elson (Meyer Bros. Drug., XVI, 37) submits the following
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association.
57
remedy: Place the molds in sufficient water ( enough to come within
about of an inch of top ) and add about two ounces of ammonium
nitrate to the water. This will produce a temperature of about 36 deg.
F. (220 C.,) if no more than fourteen ounces of water are used. By
the time the suppositories are ready to pour into the molds, the latter
will be good and cold. After pouring in the suppositories add about
two ounces more of ammonium nitrate to water, which will again lower
the temperature to about 36 deg. F. Allow the suppositories to stand
about twenty minutes, when there will be no trouble in removing them
from the molds. By using more ammonium nitrate, the temperature
may be lowered and by evaporation the same lot may be used over and
over again. It is recommended that the water used be saved until one half
or one gallon is obtained and evaporate this all at once. It has been
found that the abov.e solutions, after standing for twenty-five minutes,
is only 46 deg. F. : and the author has obtained suppositories quicker
and better than when he used ice.
Creasote Syrup. — Von C. Vulpius (“ Suedd, apoth. Ztg., 1895 No*
16) recommends the following procedure for making a syrup containing
10 per cent of creasote : Triturate 10 parts of beechwood creasote with
parts of calcined magnesia ; let it stand, well covered, for several
days, mixing it every hour for a few minutes ; then pour upon it grad¬
ually with constant stirring, a mixture of i6-}4, parts of peppermint
water and 70 parts of simple syrup. The odor and taste can still more
be covered by the addition of 10 drops of spirit peppermint.— Another
more convenient, though not more expedient process, is this : the
magnesia and creasote in the above proportions are put into a bottle
and moistened with the peppermint water ; then the simple syrup is
added and the whole is vigorously shaken. This is repeated at inter¬
vals of a few hours. At the end of two days the mixture will have
become thick, so as to be unable to flow ; but by vigorous shaking or
stirring with a glass rod, it can be rendered liquid again, after which it
will not solidify again. On the contrary, the mixture become homoge¬
neous, separating only after long standing or not at all.
loDOGENE — Is said (L’Union pharm., Vol. XXXVI, p. 105) to be a
mixture of powdered charcoal and potassium iodate, or some other
oxygen compound of iodine molded into cones or pastilles. By its
combustion this mixture liberates free iodine, which would be useful in
fumigating and disinfecting the sickness, etc.
Balsam of Tolu as a pill-excipient. — As an excipient for pills
of guaiacol, terpinol or eucalyptol, W. Kollo (“Pharm. Post.”
XXVIII, p. 319) has used balsam of tolu to very good advantage. He
proceeds by first triturating the substance prescribed with an equal
quantity of powdered balsam of tolu with the addition of a few drops of
dilute alcohol — 4 drops of the latter to i Gm. {15)4 grn.) of balsam of
tolu ; and then adds, under constant rubbing, a small quantity of magne-
4
58 Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association.
sium carborate until the mass is of extract consistence. He then finishes
the pill mass with the required amount of powdered licorice root. If so¬
dium arsenate, codeine or narcotic extracts are prescribed with the
above, he first triturates them with the alcohol, before adding to the
other ingredients ; while quinine, iodoform and other subtances he
adds after the mass is of extract consistence. Pills made in this way, he
claims, do not allow of the exudation of the substances.
New Guaiacol Salts. — H. Bubois (L. Union Pharm., 1894; Vol.
XXXV. p. 483) describes Guaiacol Succinate and Guaiacol Phosphate,
two new compounds of Guaiacol. The former may be prepared either
by causing phosphorous oxychloride in theoretical proportions to act
on a mixture of guaiacol and succinic acid ; or by causing succinyl chlo¬
ride to act at a low temperature on guaiacol dissolved in aqueous soda
solution. Guaiacol succinate has the formula C H O (C H OCH 1 and
4 4 4 6 4 3 2
occurs as white fine needles, melting without decomposition at 136 deg,
C., insoluble in water, sparingly soluble in ether or alcohol, but freely so
in chloroform, acetonhot toluene, or petroleum ether ; bromine attacks
it violently yielding substitution-products. Guaiacol Phosphate is ob¬
tained from the action at a low temperature, of Phosphorous exychloride
on guaiacol dissolved in dilute soda solution. Its formula is PO (C H
6 4
OCH O ) and it occurs as colorless, hard tabulae, melting at 98 deg. C.,
3 2
insoluble in water, ether or petroleum ether, but readily soluble in
chloroform, toluene or acetone. When heated with aqueous potassa-
solution to about 150 deg. C., it saponifies. The therapeutic uses of
these new salts of guaiacol and probably analogous to those of uncom¬
bined guaiacol ; however, definite clinical data are yet wanting.
Sol. Peptinized Ieon. — The following formulas are said ( “Pharm.
Ztg. : ” XL, p. 761) to yield stable solutions of peptonized iron (iron
“ peptonate ” ) : r, — Five parts dry peptone are dissolved in a mixture
of 50 parts each of glycerine and distilled water. In the place of the
latter any aromatic water, especially bitter-almond water, may be used.
To this solution are now added 6 parts of solution ferric chloride (sp.
gr. I. 26) and 25 parts of water ; the whole is filtered if necessary and
set aside in a cool place. If desired, the excess of ferric chloride may
be neutralized by adding ammonia until a precipitate forms.
2. — Twenty parts of egg albumen are dissolved in 380 parts of water,
and one part of pepsin added. This solution is kept at 40 deg. C. for
24 hours. Then a mixture composed of 180 parts of solution iron oxy¬
chloride (sp. gr. 1.047) 60 parts of syrup and 1100 parts of distilled
water, is added to the albumen solution. The whole is heated to from
90 to 95 deg. C. and then allowed to cool, after which 200 parts of alco¬
hol or cognac are added and enough distilled water to make 2000 parts.
The finished product is allowed to settle for eight days and the clear
liquid is decanted.
Majylaiid State Pharviaceutical Association.
59
3. — Jaillet’s “ peptonate ” of iron is said to be made as follows ; 5
parts of dry peptone are dissolved in 50 parts of distilled water, and 12
parts of solution ferric chloride (sp. gr.1.26) are added. The precipi¬
tate produced is re-dissolved by the addition of 55 parts of 10 percent,
solution of ammonium chloride, 75 parts of glycerine are added and
enough distilled water to make 200 parts.
Luteol, a New Indicator. — Luteol is a new indicator for volume¬
tric analysis. It has been described by Autenrieth (Repert. Pharm.)
and is chloroxydiphenylquinoxyline, C H (O H ) Cl. N C ( C H ). It
crystallizes in fine yellow needles, melting at 246 deg. C. and subliming
at a somewhat higher temperature without decomposition. It is insol¬
uble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol. Alcoholic solution yields
a distinct yellow coloration with alkaline liquids in cases where litmus
and phenolphthalein fail of results. On acidulating the yellow liquid
becomes colorless. On titrating with luteol there is no transformation
of color as in using litmus ; the alkaline liquid is rendered completely
devoid of color, or on the other hand, the colorless acid solution
assumes a deep ^-ellow.
Dialyzed Fluid Extracts of Green Herbs. — Golaz (Annal.
Pharm) proposes to obtain the active constituents of vegetables in their
natural condition (unaltered by drying and other agencies) by extract¬
ing them by means of dialysis. To this end he bruises the medicinal
plants (freed from all withered portions) and places the pulp into a
dialyzer surrounded by 90 per cent, alcohol. The tincture thus obtained
contains from 34 to 45 per cent, of alcohol, the extra water present being
derived solely from the green plant. The author thinks these tinct¬
ures, or fluid extracts, exactly represent the medical virtues of the drugs.
One part of the finished extract is supposed to represent an equal
weight of the herb. In the case of belladonna the author found the
atropine content to correspond to the variability of solid extractive resi¬
due.
The President extended an invitation from Messrs. Sharp and
Dohme to the convention, to visit their laboratory after the proceed¬
ings of the afternoon. The invitation was accepted.
The President said he would like to add to the Committee on
Entertainment, all the members of the Association residing in the
City of Baltimore.
J. F. Hancock answered Query ist, — “ How can the present for¬
mula for making medicated w’aters, U. S. P. be improved? ” in the
following : —
6o Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association.
MEDICATED WATER PER DIFFUSION
BY J. F. HANCOCK.
To review all that has been said on this subject would tire you,
and unnecessarily consume the valuable time of this meeting.
From time to time, various agents have been recommended for the
absorption of oil in the manufacture of Medicated Waters, such as sugar,
magnesium carbonate, purified talcum, paper pulp, cotton and lastly
calcium phosphate. All of these will answer the purpose in the hands
of skillful operators, and all will fail when the work is carelessly done.
In the majority of cases, the water distilled from the fragrant sub¬
stance will be superior; but in this age of sharp competition when econ"
omics play an important part in every department of pharmacy, it is
not easy to obtain the price necessary to be charged for the U. S. P.
waters when made by distillation, hence the importance of inexpensive
method to obtain a satisfactory result. Apart from the probable chem¬
ical action of the water on some of the dividing agents that have been
recommended from time to time, the question of economy plays a part.
Why use a quantity of expensive essential oil that the given amount
of water ordered cannot appropriate ; and why use a substance the
chief office of which is to appropriate the oil intended for the water. Of
the substances used we prefer a clean, pure pulp of filtering paper, but
in reality do not see the use of anything for the ordinary waters.
It has been our practice for some time to make these waters by dif¬
fusion, and the results have been satisfactory, while they possess the
merit of being inexpensive.
A few samples are here exhibited to illustrate results. These are
not made with distilled water, but with filtered hydrant water, or, when
necessary, the water is robbed of organic matter by the use of alum,
gr. ii to each gallon, letting it stand for a few hours and filtering for use.
The formula adopted for mint, cinnamon, fennel, anise, etc., is 5
c. c. (instead of 8 c. c.) of oil to 4000 c. c. of water, put into a well
corked bottle and daily agitated for se.veral days.
For small quantity this may be regarded as very tedious, but when
made several gallons at a time, and it becomes the duty of an assistant,
it is not so irksome.
Water made in this way will keep well for a long time. The sam¬
ples are taken from stock, that in each case is several months old.
For pharmacy purpose, distilled water should be used, but for poor
devils treated at the dispensaries, as usually conducted, the hydrant
water will answer, and perhaps is quite good enough for all general
purposes, since the oils being antiseptic are preservative.
The sample of distilled eucalyptus water is twenty-two years old.
This method will answer a good purpose in making elixirs by using less
oil.
Maryland Stale Pharmaceutical Association. 6i
Prof. Caspari — “I would say the solution of many of these essential
oils can be hastened by the use of warm water instead of cold water.”
Dr. Hancock. — “I tried this but prefer the other plan.”
Prof. Caspari. — ” I have found in a few instances a thin film will
remain, but it gives a far better solution of the oil. The quantity is not
sufficient in the Pharmacopoeia, it should be double or quadruple at
least. With the increase of the quantity two or three times that given
in the Pharmacopoeia the solution will be improved, and allowing the
undissolved oil to remain in contact with the water for twenty-four hours
will give a superior solution. Allowing the contact of the oil with the
solvent very materially improves the solution.”
President Hynson.- “This is a matter of great interest to the prac¬
tical pharmacist, who has more or less trouble with the medicated
waters. I would like to ask Dr. Hancock if he took any steps to decide
whether it was the contact with the oil or the agitation which affected
his object. If agitation was the essential process, wouldn’t that be ac¬
complished by simply agitating sufficiently at one time ? Does he
think the agitation or the time does the work? ”
Dr. Hancock. — “My opinion is that the diffusion is more desirable.
Of course you can get more complete solution just in proportion as you
break up the globules of oil, we must break up all these globules. It is
my opinion that long contact with the water does this in the most ef¬
fective way. The globules gradually disappear by long contact.”
President.—”! think it is well for us to understand the theory of
solution. We want to understand why waters are better made by one
process than by another. If we understand that solution is brought
about by molecular action ; if that is really the true theory of solution,
then the best means of conveying that molecular motion is the means
we wish to employ.”
Professor Coblentz. — “A medicated water is really not a solu¬
tion of oil in water but simply an oil suspended in water. Of course
the globules are small and we do not perceive them, but they are still
there. One or two points strike me as rather peculiar. With us I
hardly think it would be advisable to try to purify water by alum,
because it is going to give rise to trouble with prescriptions. I should
always be careful about purifying water in that way. Distilled water is
the only kind that should be used, tho’ the water of Baltimore may be
pure enough to use in making these preparations.”
Dr. Hancock.— “I would like to set myself right in this matter
and would say that, in making these waters, which I presented here I
was simply making experiments in the most economical way to see
what results could be obtained.”
62 Maryland State Phar^naceutical Association.
The President assured Dr. Hancock that that was understood and
that the Association appreciated the trouble he had taken in presenting
the samples.
President.— “We have had some trouble about cinnamon water.
When made from true oil it had an odor of benzine.”
Prof. Caspari. — “All distilled water is accompanied by an odor
which in course of time disappears. Medicated waters made from the
drug are accompanied by a raw odor which gradually disappears.
Whether due to oxidation or not I cannot say. The odor disappears
very rapidly if the vessel is allowed to stand open.”
Dr. Dohme answered Query 2 in the following paper ; —
CACTUS GRANDIFLORUS.
As far as is known no alkaloid has been isolated or described as
having been obtained from this particular cactus. Some authors have
maintained that the plant is without virtue and value medicinally,
while others maintain equally firmly that the same is very active ther¬
apeutically. The cause of this is undoubtedly to be attributed to the
confusion arising in reference to the recognition of the plant, what
some botanists claim to be cactus grandiflorus, others maintain is not
and vice versa. Any one who has ever taken a preparation made from
the true cactus grandiflorus will hardly admit that there is any doubt as
to its possessing therapeutic properties. It remains for the botanist to
so describe and define the species grandiflorus that there can be no
question as to its identity. The most modern and best work on the
chemistry of cacti is that of Mr. A. Heffter of the Pharmaceutical Lab¬
oratory of the University of Leipzic. This gentleman has investigated
several American and Mexican cacti and obtained four or flve new alka¬
loids from the cacti that are usually classifled as ;
Cactus Timbriatus ; eight to ten angled stem.
“ Paniculatus ; quadrangular stem.
“ Flagelliformis ; ten angled stem.
“ Grandiflorus; five to six angled stem.
Opuntia Vulgaris ; prickly pear.
Mamillaria Simplex ; mamillary obovate stem.
Melocactus Communis ; sixteen furrowed stem.
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum ; ovate fleshy leaf.
Anhalonium Lewinii ; muscole buttons.
Mr. Heffter has examined anhalonium lewinii and obtained the
following from it ;
Anhalonine, Anhalonidine, Mezcaline and Lophophorinc.
He separated these alkaloids readily from a comparatively small
amount of drug and obtained each pure in crystals, as w’ell as salts and
derivatives of each. The physiological effect of the various alkaloids.
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Associatio7i,
63
i. e. pharmacology of the drug , will be studied later. Mr. Heffter pro¬
poses to change the name of the Anhalonium to Lophophora Lewinii
Rusby.
It is highly probable that many of the family of cacti contain alka¬
loids and it is to be hoped that Mr. Heffter’s work will be conducive
of more work on them. *
Prof. Caspar! called attention to the remarkable preservative
effect of sugar of milk on pancreatine. Three parts of sugar of milk
will preserve pancreatine in its original condition. This discovery
was made some six or eight years ago. The dilution probably
keeps the particles apart.
G. Clinton Blades answered Query 4th, — “ Can the formula of
syrup of Tolu, U. S. P. be improved? ” as follows : —
Mr. President and Fellow Pharmacists, — In presenting this paper in
answer to the Query “Can the formula for Syrup Tolu of the U. S. P.
be improved upon, “ I am firmly convinced that it can. The present
formula calls for the balsam of Tolu 10 gms. to be dissolved in 50 cc. of
alcohol, and thoroughly mixed with a mixture of 150 gms. of the required
amount, of sugar, and 50 gms. of ppt. phos calcium, this mixture to be
set aside in a warm place until the alcohol evaporates, then triturating
the residue well with 500 cc. of water, filtering the mixture through
a wetted filter return the first portion until it passes clear, dissolving
the remainder of sugar in the filtrate by the aid of heat, not exceeding
6o°c strain and passed qs. water to make measure 1000 cc.
This formula is defective.
ist. Because it is troublesome, and requires too much watching
and loss of material.
2nd. — There can be no objection to the small amount of alcohol if
allowed to remain.
3rd. — It does not possess a sufficient amount of flavoring agent for
the time and trouble consumed.
The formula of 1880 U. S. P. was equally as defective in as many
respects.
Being desirous of finding a formula which would produce a highly
flavored syrup with perfectly clear appearance, I consulted a number
of text books and journals with some success, the formula with
which I am perfectly satisfled is but a slight improvement over that
suggested by Mr. J. D. Finley and published in 1870. It is as follows :r-
Tincture Tolu (1890) 2 FI. ozs.
Magnesium Carbonate 2 drs.
Sugar 26 ozs. ave.
Distilled Water qs. 2 pints.
64 Maryland Slate Pharmaceutical Association.
To the Magnesium Carbonate in a mortar add 4 ozs. ave. of gran*
ulated sugar and mix thoroughly. To this mixture add the 2 FI. ozs.
Tr. Tolu, triturating, now add slowly one pint of warmed distilled
water (This is preferred) and stir occasionally for fifteen minutes, trans¬
fer the whole to a wetted filter, and return, until clear, place the remain¬
ing 22 ozs. ofi- sugar in a conical percolator and pour the filtrate upon
it, adding a sufficient amount of distilled water to make it measure 2
pints.
The above formula produces a beautiful, clear syrup of a very light
brown color. The Magnesium Carbonate is not objectionable as it is
comparatively insoluble requiring 2493 parts of water to i of Magnesium
Carbonate for solution. The small amount of alcohol is advantageous
as it conveys a larger amount of Tolu into solution. This syrup will
not precipitate the alkaloids usually added to it as one would suppose,
but to the contrary, it can be dispersed with them with out a shake label.
Since preparing this article I visited some of our leading pharma¬
cists to ascertain their mode of preparing this syrup.
Of the ten visited
5 prepared after the 1870 Pharmacopoeia.
3 after the 1890 Pharmacopoeia.
2 from soluble FI. Ex. Tolu.
Thus it will be seen that the formula of the present Pharmacopoeia
has not received many followers.
Prof. Caspari. — “The formula in the Pharmacopoeia is defective.
There is one objection to the formula suggested. It produces a syrup
of decided color^ The fact of color being present seems to indicate a
combination of Tolu and the carbonate. I don’t know that there is any
objection to that small amount of magnesia getting into the solution,
but since the pharmacopoeia directs a colorless solution, I think it
should not be used. By allowing the alcohol to remain in the solution
and by simply increasing the amount of tolu you will increase the
flavor. I would simply change the working part of the official formula,
instead of driving off the alcohol allow it to remain. You get a syrup
10 times the flavor. The syrup is colorless, and of fine flavor.”
President. — “ Professor Caspari, you know that tolu has a decided
color.”
Prof. Caspari.— “You can macerate tolu in water a long time
without getting any color. I have been making a syrup of tolu by the
Pharmacopoeia formula of 1880 for ten years without producing a par¬
ticle of color.”
President. — “I suppose the value of syrup of tolu is estimated
upon its medicinal qualities.”
' Prof. Caspari. — I think the medicinal qualities very slight indeed.
If pharmacists will take up the suggestion I made they will have a
Marylmid State Pharviaceutical Association.
65
preparation which is probably not as fine to look at, but which is finer
to the taste and as regards the odor and might possess some little
medicinal property.”
Dr. Dohme. — ” I think the solution of this problem will resolve
itself into an experiment. Mr. Heffter who has made a detailed and
complete study of the excretions of various plants, has taken up tolu as
one of them and he has found that the principle of tolu that is active, so
far as odor and effect is concerned, is the principle which crystallizes
and which he calls tolu restano. He found the various balsams all yield
similar products chemically. If we have isolated the crystalline prin¬
ciple upon which the effect or value of tolu depends, the solution of the
problem would be to take that and get some'^solvent for it which would
enable us to make syrup of tolu readily.”
Mr. Redsecker. — “When the Pharmacopoeia of 1880 came out
the process of making this syrup was very unsatisfactory and w'e went
back to the formula of 1870. While we follow the Pharmacopoeia in all
things where we think it better, we have gone back in some things and
we get a satisfactory syrup from the ’70 process. Ours is a light straw
color and very satisfactory, to those who use it, and of a decided tolu
flavor.”
Chas. Dohme. — “I have had considerable experience in making
extracts. I find that if you take balsam of tolu and subject it to the
same process as is recommended in the Pharmacopoeia of macerating
it in hot water you get all the odorless principle of tolu. You get clus¬
ters of crystals. I have actually taken out all the flavor of the balsam
of tolu, but by adding a certain amount of alcohol which will take up
all the less soluble portion of the balsam a very concentrated extract
possessing all the flavor can be obtained. Showing a certain amount
of alcohol can be mixed with the syrup and make a very highly flavored
product.
President. — “ I suppose the same objections Professor Caspari has
brought against the Magnesia process for syrup of tolu will apply to
that process for making syrup of tar. By dissolving washed tar in
alcohol the syrup can be made in a few minutes with magnesia ;
the U. S. P. method of washing and keeping in contact with cold water
takes a long time and the result. is unsatisfactory. Some times this
increased color is advantageous.”
Query 5 : — “ Is the present process for making’Syrup of Wild
Cherry satisfactory ? Suggest improvements.” .
Answered by J. Fuller Frames.
Mr. Frames. — “ I had no opportunity for making experiments. I
will simply give some personal experience. The first portion of the
Query can be answered in the affirmative. Since 1880 I have always
66
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association.
used about 6 per cent, of glycerine and found the result very satisfac¬
tory. The 1890 formula requires a larger quantity of glycerine. The
only improvement I can suggest is a longer maceration with an in¬
creased quantity of glycerine.”
C. V. Emich answered Query 8th, — “ Is it possible to procure
first class drugs, etc.,” as follows ; —
” Is it possible to procure first class drugs in quantities of one to-
five pounds at such prices as will enable the Pharjnacist to manufacture
Fluid Extracts in competition with the large manufacture ? ”
This is a pertinent question and one that should be easily solved.
It cannot be answered simply by statistics as to prices and quantities,
though these questions are involved in the answer.
As a general statement, it may be said that the difference in rate
paid by the larger dealer and the price paid by the Pharmacist will not
exceed 10 to 15 per cent. The great advantage the large dealer, with
abundant capital at his command, has, is in the power to choose the
time for his purchase, or in other words taken advantage of opportuni¬
ties.
This advantage will frequently occur to the Pharmacist, who will
take the necessary steps to keep himself posted on prices and accumu¬
lations of stock.
An experience of some length of time in the business warrants me,
in answering the question affirmatively. I recall many grades of goods
that were in free use when I entered the business that have entirely
disappeared by the demand for better goods. And I have found that
trade is just as sensitive to the law of demand and supply as is capital
to political affairs.
When the demand is for prime articles and there is willingness to
pay for them, you have them freely offered — when on the contrary
prices rule the market, instead of quality, depreciation in quality takes
place— and this rule is as inexorable as the law of the Medes and
Persians.
Under the stimulus of a demand for assayed goods we have had
prepared for this very demand of the Pharmacist a class of assayed
goods that need but little to ask for. Among the wholesale trade there
is an increased preparation for furnishing first class goods, and a care¬
ful examination of stock offered, with a willingness to pay for the
quality will secure the goods. As a matter of course, if the Pharmacist
selects each individual piece of Rhubarb and from that prepares his
Fluid Extracts of Rhubarb, he cannot compete in price with the manu¬
facturing Firm that buys a case of worm eaten Rhubarb and makes it
up into Fluid Extract excreta of worms and all— and this is precisely
the statement made to me by a salesman of a large establishment, as
to why his Fluid Extract of Rhubarb could be sold for so much less
Maryland State Pharynacentical Association.
67
than that I prepared myself. I believe the Fluid Extract of Rhubarb
as prepared from the selected root is what should be prepared and dis¬
pensed, notwithstanding the claim made, that the worm eaten Rhubarb
is stronger than the select, because the worms only eat the starchy
matter.
I regret very mmch that time was not allowed me by the stress of
other matters, to prepare a tabulated statement of cost of Fluid Ex¬
tracts prepared by myself, and the prices asked by the manufacturer.
I have frequently made a saving of 20 to 50 per cent, on the prices
asked — and procured crude Drugs frequently of the identical lots pur¬
chased by the manufacturer.
Consequently I unhesitatingly state that the Pharmacist can pro¬
cure the goods and manufacture many of the Fluid Extracts and other
preparations and save money by so doing.
Louis Hofstetter answered Query 9th. — “ What is the rela¬
tive proportion of Alexandria and Tinnevelly Senna used in the
retail drug trade ? ” as follows : —
The query is rather a difficult one to answer since there is no posi¬
tive way of collecting data regarding the sales of the articles in ques¬
tion ; still from close observation on a small scale, the writer has found
that the grade of Senna called Alexandria is the article of commerce
and is the leaf called for and in general expected, when it happens
that only the term “ Senna ” is used in ordering. The retail drug trade
of the present time considers the Alexandria leaf the best and therefore
gives it preference over the Tinnevelly. Some few German pharma¬
cists, however, especially those of the old school like the large leaf,
Tinnevelly. I must admit that the true Alexandria is more active in its
effects, yet to one who is unacquainted with the different species, the
Tinnevelly would be his choice, judging by appearance, as its leaf is
^rger, greener and more perfect as will be seen when the two varieties
are compared. This of course refers to the first garbled or selected
stock. Large manufacturing houses, those who keep the ball moving,
so to speak, use only the brand known as Alexandria, for their medici¬
nal productions. The percentage of the Alexandria Senna sold to the
retail drug trade is about 75 per cent, and that of Tinnevelly about 25 per
cent. The latter is being used principally in various proprietary prepa¬
rations, into some of which it goes in granulated form.
Sennas are deceptive and require a good judge to tell the differ¬
ences between some of the so-called Alexandria which finds its way
to us through various channels from Cairo, Egypt. The high prices
which are now prevailing on account of the disturbances in the interior,
will likely tend to lessen the sales of the true Alexandria and to-
increase the consumption of the other grades.
68
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association.
Louis Schulze took up Query 6th, — “ Should the State
Boards have interchangeable certificates ? If so, how could their
standard of requirements be made uniform ? ” He said : —
To the first part of this Query I would say, “Yes,” as the present
system entails hardships upon a pharmacist, who through some per¬
fectly honest cause may be compelled to change his residence from one
state to another ; as for example, — some member of a pharmacist’s
family may be attacked with pulmonary trouble, which would require
their permanent removal to another climate and though he may be a
man in every way competent to conduct the drug business, yet being
solicitous for his loved one and feeling he might be unable to pass the
examination required, the nervous state produced by his solicitude may
cause him to fail ; were he not required to undergo the ordeal of an
examination he could remove to Florida, California, or anywhere
without any further trouble than showing the certificate of his previous
registration.
However, this interchange of certificates should not take place until
the standard of requirement is made uniform. This naturally brings
us to the question, How shall this be done? My suggestion is that
another member be added to the Presidential Cabinet, to be known as
“The Secretary of Health,” who shall have three Assistant Secre¬
taries, as follows : —
ist Assistant to be the head of the Medical Department.
2nd “ “ “ “ “ “ “ Dental
3rd “ “ “ “ “ “ “ Pharmaceutical “
In conjunction with this let there be three National Boards of Exam¬
iners, one for each profession, the names of the gentlemen to serve on
them to be suggested to the proper appointing power by the National
Association of each or otherwise, as seen fit ; it being the duty of these
boards to prepare the examinations for their respective profession. ^
This however, would not do away with the State Boards, as they
could still be selected by their respective State Associations, or other¬
wise as heretofore ; and their duty would consist in conducting the ex¬
aminations prepared by the National Boards ; but these State Boards
should consist of men perfectly competent to conduct the examina¬
tions, and having courage enough to enforce the law ; and a failure on
their part to do so, should result in their being held personally respon¬
sible for the misdemeanor of the one neglecting to comply with the law.
As to the nature of such a National Law, I would suggest that there
be in the department of Pharmacy three examinations : ist. Appren¬
tice ; 2nd, Associate ; 3rd, Pharmacist.
The Apprentice examination should be required of all who wish to
take up the profession of Pharmacy and should include composition,
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association,
69
arithmetic, geography, history, reading and writing, as also elementary
Latin ; the candidate making application for this examination should
be at least 16 years of age.
The Association Assistant examination should be equal to that re¬
quired for admission to the Senior class, of one of the reputable Col¬
leges of Pharmacy; the applicant have at least three consecutive years
practical experience in the retail drug business and be at least 19 years
of age.
The Pharmacist examination should be a very thorough one, both
practically, and theoretically ; including Pharmacy Chemistry, Materia
Medica, and Pharmacognosy ; the applicant have at least five years
practical experience and be at least 21 years of age.
Such a law should include clauses restricting the sale of poisons ;
and prohibiting the sale of drugs or compounds that might be used for
criminal purposes, except on the written prescription of a regular phy¬
sician.
Each state should be divided into districts and each member of the
State Board be assigned a district, over which he should be compelled
to travel at least twice annually, to see if the law is being complied
with ; during these trips he should visit every drug store, dispensary,
manufacturing pharmacist and physician who dispenses his own medi¬
cines, to see if the medicines manufactured and dispensed by them are
up to the standard required.
In conclusion I would suggest that our delegates to the American
Pharmaceutical Association urge upon that organization to take steps
to have a Secretary of Health added to the Cabinet; also that we urge
it upon other State Pharmaceutical, Drugs, Medical and Dental Asso¬
ciations ; this can readily be done either by sending delegates to such
as are convenient, or by correspondence on the part of our Secretary
with the Secretaries of the respective organizations.
Then if we get the majority of them interested, and a committee
were appointed by each to act conjointly in bringing this matter to the
attention of Congress, I’m sure it will meet with success ; for those
members of Congress, who, are inclined to act for the welfare of all the
people could not help but recognize the merits of such a system ;
whilst those who put party first would also favor it, as they always take
into consideration what* opposing a measure might mean at the next
election ; and if they are told that 40,000 or 50,000 druggists, possibly
75,000 physicians or more, and about an equal number of dentists are
in the back of their movement, they will not fail to recognize that such
a number of voters might mean a great deal at an election ; again they
would favor it because it would create a new department and that
would mean a new lot of offices to be distributed among their constit¬
uents.
70
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association.
There would be no need of making extra inroads on our National
Treasury for this department, as the law could be so framed as to make
the revenues from registration, etc., cover all necessary expenses ; and
surely with such a National Law, not only would the standard of Medi¬
cine, Dentistry and Pharmacy be raised, but the people at large be
benefited more than these professions by being protected from injury
by incompetent persons and charlatans, in a matter of which they know
but little, and hence are least competent to judge the fitness of those
engaged therein.
Dr. Dohme presented the following paper : —
THE GROWING IMPORTANCE OF PHARMACEUTICAL AS¬
SAYING FOR ALL PHARMACISTS.
It has not been long since the subject of the assay of galenical
drugs and their preparations was a pharmaceutical luxury ; when phar¬
macists thought it something suitable for the professor and the student,
but not for the pharmacist. This time is fast passing away, and in ten
years or less from now, I think I will not be drawing on my imagina¬
tion when I say that all or certainly most druggists will be compelled
for their own protection and welfare to not only know it but perform it.
It has not been necessary absolutely up to now, to be sure, to be able
to know, or to care to know the exact strength of the preparations on
the shelves of the pharmacist, and for several reasons.
Firstly, — because reliable methods were not at hand, and secondly
because the pharmacopoeia so arranged its preparations, that absolute
danger was practically precluded from their use in prescriptions if the
proper dose was attached thereto. This precaution assured us of not
exceeding the maximum dose of the active principle of the drug in
question, but has anyone here even a vague notion of the number of
times the dose was too weak, frequently practically inert, because the
strength of the preparation was either at the minimum or below it, aS
far as the active principle was concerned. How many thousand pre¬
scriptions have in the past and are to-day being filled that can produce
no therapeutic effect — because they are made from drugs poor in active
principle be this alkaloid, resin, glucoside, acid or other organic ingre¬
dient. The pharmacist replies that he feels himself protected, because
he uses the manufacturer’s preparations, and the latter vouches for the
accuracy and value of the same. Fortunately for him, he is seldom if
ever disappointed, but would he not be better off if he could and did
convince himself of the actual value of the preparation ? Most as¬
suredly. Some pharmacists might reply to this, that their vocation was
becoming too much of a business, and too little of a scientific calling
to justify the trouble and expense, and that their competitor across the
way was making a far, greater success than they without it, principally
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association. 71
because he could dress his window better and had a prettier soda foun¬
tain. But fellow members of this Association, this is a mistake, a
grave mistake.
The public has, I grant, not been educated up to the knowledge of
what pure drugs are and judges more by appearance than results, but
some of these days, perhaps not until the 20th century, the light of
public scrutiny will be directed upon the pharmacist’s shelves, and
then will the righteous prevail. In these days political rings are over¬
thrown and frauds exposed and their authors brought to justice, be¬
cause public sentiment is being educated by the press, that great and
invaluable friend^nd tutor of the people, and people brought to see in
detail into the actual state of affairs behind the counter. Some of these
already mentioned days, the press will bring its search-light through
the pharmacist’s doors and windows, and then will the assay phar¬
macist be in the ascendant. If the great public can be brought to see
that of all things their medicines should be sure and reliable and that;;
they are daily, yea hourly, risking their lives or rather placing them in?;
the hands of the man that puts up their prescriptions, they will be no
doubt convinced, that it is about time that they make such laws that
their lives are henceforth safe, or if . they are not, the offender may
be brought to justice and made an example of.
Some of these days, such laws will nqt be limited to the State of
Ohio, but will be general through this great and glorious land. If our
beloved, though slightly phlegmatic State of Maryland will soon wake
up to the necessity of adopting a pharmacy law and thus be up to date
or nearly so, for Maryland is practically the only State that has no such
law, there might be an excellent chance for her to cbme to the assist¬
ance of her Buckeye sister State, and advance from the rear to the very
front column of the advanced guard in modern pharmaceutical pro¬
gress. Gentlemen, it is a mistake to assume that a Pure Food and
Drug Law is a hardship and unjust demand upon the pharmacist. It is
not provided the commission to enforce the law is honest and just. If
both these provisos are granted, then instead of a privation, the law will
be a benefit to the pharmacist, because it will remove from him un¬
scrupulous competitors, elevate his calling and be a recommendation
and endorsement of his« business.
Should this come about, and I think it will, then it will be neces¬
sary for the pharmacist to be able to assay and examine all his drugs,
so as to protect himself and his business against decline and eventual
disaster. If he then assays and examines his drugs, he will know
that his customers will have no cause to complain, because they will
always know what they are getting, and that they are getting the
best.
The next revision of the pharmacopoeia will undoubtedly include
many more than, the present among the drugs that require to be assayed
and to be of a certain standard. *
72
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association.
This number will continually increase as time wears on, especially
if pharmaceutical colleges will so advance their courses and facilities,
that research work in drugs is not the exception but the rule with them,
and if they also include in their curriculum, as they should also in the
medical colleges, the great science of pharmacology which teaches us
how to study the action of drugs upon the human body and its func¬
tions.
It is not enough for the pharmacist and physician to know if this or
that or these or those substances are the constituents of the drug, he
should know which is the active constituent and if there are several,
the therapeutic value and effect of each. We thus see a large future
ahead for the pharmacy, for w^e ought to and will some day know the
course of the action of all of the many drugs in the pharmacopoeia.
Gentlemen, science in general is advancing and medicine in par¬
ticular is advancing very rapidly. Should not pharmacy keep pace
with the advance of her best friend medicine? If pharmacy is to ad¬
vance, and we certainly are a unit in desiring this, then it seems to me
that it is along the lines I have pointed out that it will advance. If it
does, then the advance will be of as great benefit to medicine as to its-
self, and this we certainly all wish. Be that as it may, I will in conclu¬
sion, express the hope that I have proved my theorem and established
my thesis that pharmaceutical assaying will become more and more
important as time wears on.
Mr. Aughinbaugh, — “I want to say that I hold in my hand the
President’s Address made yesterday to this Association, there was one
sentence which struck me very forcibly I thought after hearing him make
this remark if he ever made a mistake in his life, he did here a year ago
when he appointed me as a delegate to the Pennsylvania Pharmaceutical
Association, held at Eaglesmere on the i8th day of last June, and that
if he made such a mistake in his business, his undertaking would have
been annihilated long ago. He says here that “the selection of offi¬
cers must be made with respect to the peculiar fitness of the persons
and that an administration can be greatly interfered with by non-com¬
pliance, yet better this than a acceptance and non-attention or careless¬
ness.”
He then read the following report : —
Mr. President: — “When I received your notification of my ap¬
pointment as a delegate to the Eighteenth Annual Meeting of the Penn¬
sylvania Pharmaceutical Association which was held at Eaglesmere,
Pa., on the i8th day of last June, I feared that owing to business engage¬
ments, it would be impossible for me to be present on that occasion.
As the time for the meeting drew near I felt that my going was a
duty that I owed to this Association ; but, it was not until the afternoon
of the day before the meeting tl^at I found it possible to leave home.
I
I
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association. 73
Accompanied by Mrs. Aughinbaugh I left Hagerstown at 4:20P.M.
June 17th arrived at Williamsport, Pa., a short time before midnight*
We remained there until the next morning when we boarded the first
train for Eaglesmere.
After a delightful ride of several hours over a serpentine route to
the top of the Alleghanies, we arrived at Eaglesmere and Eaglesmere
Hotel. Since we had notified no one of our coming nor made any ar¬
rangements for Hotel accommodation we found the Eaglesmere Hotel,
—the Headquarters of the Association, — filled to its utmost capacity.
For a few moments we felt that we were strangers in a strange
land. However, it soon became known to some of our Pennsylvania
brethren that a delegate from “My Maryland” was in their midst, and
these gentlemen immediately made some arrangement by which we
were given delightful quarters in the most desirable part of the hotel.
Such a reception and welcome would have done honor to The Pres¬
ident of our Association. Indeed, we found it hard to realize the hum¬
ble representative of Maryland had stood at the hotel counter only a
few moments before, wondering if he too— like the Arab — should
“silently steal away.”
Every member present seemed to take a special delight in making
us welcome ; and, I assure you we felt its gen\iineness.
I attended every session, and carefully noted the proceedings. A
majority of the members took an active part, and all seemed greatly
interested in the advancement of Pharmacy.
The number of papers read, and the different subjects presented
for consideration showed the deep interest manifested by the members
in the professional as well as in the mercantile side of our business.
I was strongly impressed by the thought that although the state of
Pennsylvania is much larger than Maryland, the attendance was no
larger (in proportion to the number of Pharmacists in the state) than
ours. It seems to me as if every member of this association were to
make an effort to secure new members during the present year, we
would not be a “ struggling association ” very long and would soon
compare favorably with the association of Pennsylvania.
Dr. John Ayd read the following paper : —
“Upon what lines should we proceed to bring about a more cor¬
dial and a more mutually advantageous relationship between the
Medical Profession and our own? ”
This is a subject of great importance, in regards to which much is
to be said, the time to prepare a careful analysis being so short, I am
not able to give a satisfactory solution this evening.
I will state a few grievances on both sides, patients frequently are
the cause, by delivering to the physician or pharmacist messages,
which one or the other should have said, this often brings about a dislike
74
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Associatio7i.
for another. Patients will tell the pharmacist that the doctor said
you charge too much for your medicines, which on the part of the phy¬
sician might occasionally be true, but often not. Pharmacists some¬
times criticise prescriptions which is not at all in their place to do, the
doctor may prescribe,
Sodii Chlor. grs. i
Aqua oi.
or a number of prescriptions of this kind, for which he has a reason, or
for which he is accountable, not the pharmacist.
At other times large doses are prescribed which ought to be cor¬
rected, not criticising the physician, we are all poor mortals and can
make mistakes.
One thing that -causes a great deal of trouble is, allowing the pre¬
scription file to be handled by certain physicians, friends of the phar¬
macist. Then prescriptions that suit one, will not suit another, criti¬
cism is the result, the doctor finds it out and often enemies are made.
Substitution on the other hand is another trouble, but I do not
think that this evil is so great as the Journals and manufacturers try to
make it.
To bring about a more friendly feeling let each one investigate his
troubles he has had, and I think that things can be adjusted, which I
hope will be the case, and bring unity and good will among us.
The Committee on President’s Address submitted its report :
Your Committee on President’s Address begs leave to submit
the following;
1. We heartily endorse his proposition, that this, should be an
Association for trade and social purposes — and not for science alone.
2. That while the suggestion is a good one, we do not think it
expedient at this time to adopt “meetings in sections ’’ owing to the
smallness of memberships — but when this shall have sufficiently en¬
larged, hope for its adoption.
3. We heartily endorse auxilliary associations, as suggested,
throughout our State— these to be formed of individual or several coun¬
ties joining together. That said associations to have quarterly meet¬
ings and to report their proceedings to the Annual Meeting of the par¬
ent State Association. That we assure to all such, forming associations,
a helping hand in organizing, by sending them a suitable person.
4. We recommend the suggestion that certificates be issued to
every member having had four years of practical experience and think
that a special committee should be appointed for the purpose, and
agree that all who forfeit their membership must surrender their c^tif-
icate.
Maryla7id State Pharmaceutical Association.
75
On motion, duly seconded, the Committee on “ The standing of
the Naval and Army Apothecary ” was continued.
Dr. Hancock, Chairman of Special Committee on Nominations
reported the following names : —
President, H. B. Gilpin,
First Vice-President, Robt. S. McKinney,
Second “ Steiner Schley,
Third “ T. H. Jenkins,
Secretary, Henry Maisch,
Treasurer, D. M. R. Culbreth.
Executive Committee
Chairman H. P. Hynson,
Charles E. Dohme,
John C. Muth.
On motion the Report of the Committee on Nominations was
accepted.
Mr. Dohme moved the nominations close. Carried.
Dr. Hancock moved the Secretary cast a ballot electing the
officers as nominated. Seconded. Carried.
The Secretary read the list of names and duly cast a ballot
electing the said officers.
Mr. Hynson introduced Mr. McKinney to the Association, con¬
gratulated him upon his election, and escorted him to the chair.
Mr. McKinney. — “ I did not come to the meeting to get an office.
I did not want one, while I was on the Committee. I hope you gentle¬
men will not think I railroaded myself in, I made an objection to it.
I thank you for your courtesy, and will try to do what I can to further
the interests of the Association.”
Mr. Hynson called for the appointment of a Secretary pro tern,
the appointee not being present.
The President appointed the old Secretary.
Prof. Culbreth.—” It is hardly worth while to detain you with any
remarks. You know everything comes to him who waits and the only
76
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Associatio?z.
thing a man need do is to want something and he gets it. I promise
you that in the discharge of the duties of the position to which I have
been appointed, be they little or great, I will do the best that my hum¬
ble abilities will allow, and hope we shall have as pleasant a meeting
next year as we have had here.”
Mr. Hynson acting as Chairman of the Executive Committee
called on Mr. Dohme for a speech.
Mr. Dohme. — “ I would only say that it is quite a surprise to me
that the gentlemen should think me worthy to be a member of the
Executive Committee. This is a very important Committee in arrang¬
ing for the meeting of next year. I trust with Dr. Culbreth, that our
united efforts to make a successful meeting then, will be as fruitful
as those of the present Committee. I shall do my very best to make
it so.”
The President called for Miscellaneous Business.
Prof. Simon.— “I had thehonor of beingon the Executive Commit¬
tee some 10 years ago. I have to admit that our meeting at that time
was nothing compared to the meeting we have had this year. And for a
number of years we had not much success. This meeting has been
made a success by the efforts, by the work, by the labors, in the
first place, of the retiring President ; in the second place, by the assist¬
ance and aid of members of the Executive Committee. I feel that our
thanks are due to these officers, and thanks are also due to those friends
of the Association who in a most liberal way have assisted us in carry¬
ing out the programme, so far as generous entertainment is concerned.
Thanks are also due to our friends from the neighboring states who
have kindly assisted us intellectually and otherwise. Mr. President, I
make motion that we extend the thanks of the Association to all and
every one of those who have assisted in making this meeting a suc¬
cess.”
Motion seconded and carried.
Prof. Caspari.— “ There are two matters that we must not neg¬
lect. One is the settlement of the question of the joint meeting with
the Pennsylvania Association next summer. The second matter is
proper action on the communication on the metric system.
Secretary. — “Also time and place for the next meeting.”
Mr. Hynson moved that the time and place of the next meeting
be left to a Committee, to be appointed by the chair, and that it con¬
fer with the Pennsylvania Pharmaceutical Association concerning the
same.
Maryla?id State Pharmaceutical Association, 77
Dr. 'Dohme. — “I amend the motion to give to that committee power
to act.”
Chas. Dohme. — ” I think this is a little premature. We have not
been invited to join with the Pennsylvania Association. It is only a
suggestion on the part of Dr. George. I approve of the idea. I
think it might be postponed and allowed to come up at the next meet¬
ing of the Pennsylvania Association and then canvassed to see if we
are not taking the wind out of their sails in adopting a resolution to
meet with them. The delegates here from Pennsylvania might carry
an invitation from this Association to meet them at some future meet¬
ing. Let them also express a desire to meet in joint convention.”
j\Ir. Hynson. — “These gentlemen do not come here unadvised.
They are competent to act. In my proposition I do not say that a meet¬
ing shall be held but that the Committee shall confer with a committee
from the State of Pennsylvania. It does not follow that the Committee
must make the meeting place a joint one.”
Dr. George of Penna. — “Whilst the Pennsylvania Association
has not declared as yet an intention of holding a meeting of this kind,
I feel satisfied as does my colleague, that it will be only too happy to
have a joint meeting. I hope it will be so decided.”
Vice-President McKinney. — “A motion is before the Association
to appoint a committee for the purpose of setting a time and place for
the next meeting and that it be requested to confer with a committee
to be appointed by the Pennsylvania State Association.”
Upon call for yeas and nays, motion was adopted.
President. — “ I think that the best committee I can appoint is the
Executive Committee recently elected.”
Mr. Hynson. — “You remember that I spoke of a communication
I received from Professor Hallberg. I will call upon Prof. Caspar! to
read it.”
Prof. Caspar! read the following ; —
Chicago, Ill.
Mr. Henry P. Hynson,
President Maryland Pharmaceutical Association.
Dear Sir : — I beg to acknowledge an invitation sent by Mr. Gilpin
to attend the meeting of your Association, and to express my regret of
inability to be present.
I embrace the opportunity however, of presenting to you a few
questions of general interest to pharmacists, and specifically to the sec¬
tions of education and legislation of the American Pharmaceutical
Association, of which I am this year the chairman.
78
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association.
With the recent enactment of a pharmacy law in Vermont, Mary¬
land is the only State in the East and the only one of any importance
outside of Indiana, where the practice of pharmacy is not regulated.
Why even your neighbor, “the whipping-post_Si^te ” has had a phar¬
macy law for many years. ' ’ ”
In connection with our statistical Report for the A. Ph. A. We
desire to collect as much information as possible relative to pharmacal
education and legislation, and we would be much pleased to receive
from you or the Association answers to the attached quedes and such
observations generally, as may be of interest.
Fraternally,
C. S. N. HALLBERG.
Answers to the following as expressing the sentiment of the Asso¬
ciation to be sent to the Chairman of the Education and Legislation of
the American Pharmaceutical A. Ph. A.
1. In a State like Maryland, where about one-half of the entire
population is contained in the metropolis, is it sufficient that the regu¬
lation of the practice of pharmacy be confined to the Metropolis ?
(Remarks — Without being very familiar with the State it strikes
me that the present condition suggests the theory that while it is neces¬
sary to protect the people of Baltimore, against incompetent dispensing
such interference is not required, for example, for the inhabitants of
the “ Eastern Shore.”)
2. The present law for Baltimore was provisionally (and unconsti¬
tutionally) enacted as an experiment as in the case of the Cities of New
York, and Philadelphia, but unlike these Cities, where the anomaly
(and unconstitutionality) was recognized and the local laws were super¬
seded or modified by State laws. Baltimore alone enjoys the distinc¬
tion of protecting citizens from the pharmaceutical sans-Coulotte of
Eastern Shore by a legislative wall. The inception of a local law as in
the other Cities was due to the College of Pharmacy, the respective
Colleges do not entirely control the sentiment of the pharmacists of the
States, and the Colleges had to yield to legislation, which did not rec¬
ognize diplomas.
But is this the case in Maryland ? Is it not a fact that Maryland has
no general pharmacy law, because the College interests do not approve
of it.
3. Does the Maryland Pharmaceutical Association approve of the
position of the Maryland College of Pharmacy last year with reference
to graduation requirements ? See A. Ph. A. Report 1895, pp. 358-361.
The representatives of the College at the Denver meeting repudi¬
ated the idea that the granting of the Degree of Ph. G. to a graduate
of the College should be based on any practical experience require¬
ment in a pharmacy.
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association.
79
While some schools had graduated persons without any experience
requirement the degree of Ph. G. has never heretofore been awarded,
except to such as have had at least three years experience in pharmacy.
It remained for the Maryland College of Pharmacy to repudiate a
title that has been used for over fifty years by all the Association Col¬
leges to designate such, who have not only attained a satisfactory
standing in their studies, but also served an apprenticeship.
The Maryland College of Pharmacy proposes to award diplomas to
persons who, when placed in such a drug store may be qualified, or
may not have the faintest conception of their duties.
4. There is a considerable difference of opinion, as to the neces¬
sity for, or value of restructive legislation in pharmacy.
An expression on the important question is also much desired,
apart however, and dissociated from the local or Metropolitan idea, as
exemplified in your State.
Pharmacally,
C. S. N. HALLBERG, Chairman.
On a motion this matter was referred to the Legislative Com¬
mittee.
Mr. Hynson moved to appoint a committee of five composed
entirely of country members of this Association to look into the
matter of getting statistics throughout the counties to ascertain
what kind of a law the country merchants will be willing to have go
on the statute books without objection ; a pharmacy law with which
they will be satisfied. Seconded. Carried.
Prof. Caspari. — “ I again introduce the matter of the metric sys¬
tem. ”
On motion, Prof. Culbreth was authorized to have the petition
on the subject printed and distributed to all the members of the Asso¬
ciation.
On motion, the Treasurer was ordered to pay the Association’s
part of the expenses incurred by the Joint Committee upon the Gov-
vemment Apothecaries.
Motion by Mr. Hynson to adjourn. Seconded.
Dr. Redsecker.— “ Before you adjourn I want on behalf of myself
and my colleague to return our thanks to you for the very cordial recep¬
tion and for the pleasant entertainment you have afforded us. We
have been very much delighted with you and I don’t know but we
shall begin to sing ‘Maryland my Maryland’ ourselves, some of these
8o
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association.
times when we get our musical throats in tune. We are very much
obliged to you and we can only say that if you come to our meeting
we will try to return your hospitality and show our appreciation of all
the kindness received at your hands. ”
Mr. Hynson,— “ I move a vote of thanks to our host, Mr. Shannon.
I will say that the inducement will be very great to go to the Blue Moun¬
tain House, because Mr. Shannon is the proprietor of that Hotel.”
A vote of thanks was passed all the delegates standing, the
Pennsylvania delegates voting.
Mr. Mayo. — ” I wish to offer my thanks for the invitation to attend
the banquet. I appreciated it very much.
Motion to adjourn carried.
LIST OF MEMBERS
OF THE
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association,
IN GOOD STANDING.
Aughinbaugh, D. C.
Boyle, Joseph B.
Burroughs, Horace
Button, E. J. M. ^
Caspari, Charles.^ Jr.
Carnes, J. A.
Collier, Levin D.
Cook, J. W.
Corning, A. J.
COSKERY, H. J.
Culbreth, D. M. R., M. D.
Davis, John A.
Deilman, Louis H.
Dickinson, Jas. A.
Dohme, a. R. L., Ph. D.
Dohme, Charles E.
Dohme, Louis
Duffy, Hugh
Edwards, W. F.
Elliott, Henry A.
Emerson, Isaac E.
Emich, C. V.
Fischer, E. B.
Forman, E. M.
Forwood, Thomas G.
Foster, J. Webb
Frames, J. Fuller
Gilbert, J. N.
Gilpin, Henry B.
Hagerstown, Md.
Westminster, Md.
509 W. Lombard St., Baltimore.
Naval Academy, Annapolis.
Md. College Pharmacy, Baltimore.
Cockeysville.
Salisbury, Md.
Hagerstown, Md.
Bolton and Mosher Sts., Baltimore.
Catonsville, Md.
203 E. Preston St., Baltimore.
HarlemfAve. and Carey St., Balto.
New Windsor, Md.
Baltimore and Pine Sts., Baltimore.
Pratt and Howard Sts., Baltimore.
ft (C (( (( <(
Hillsboro, Md.
Baltimore and Ann Sts., Baltimore.
Lexington and Pine Sts., Baltimore.
311 West Fayette St., Baltimore.
423 N. Howard St., Baltimore.
828 N. Washington St., Baltimore.
Centreville, Md.
Bel-Air, Md.
Hanover and Lee Sts., Baltimore.
Gay and Aisquith Sts.» Baltimore.
Annapolis, Md.
Light and Lombard Sts., Baltimore.
82
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association,
Gosman, a. J.
Charles and Mulberry Sts., Baltimore.
Gross, John J., M. D.
1435 Orleans St., Baltimore.
Hancock, John F.
Baltimore and Howard Sts., Balto.
Hancock, John H.
Lombard St. & Fremont Ave., Balto.
Hassinger, W. T.
Vienna, Md.
Henkel C. B.
Annapolis, Md.
Henry, J. E.
East New Market, Md.
Hoffstetter, Louis
15 E. Fayette St., Baltimore.
Holland, J. Thos.
Centreville, Md.
Hynson, Henry P.
423 N. Charles St., Baltimore.
Jenkins, Thos. H.
Easton, Md.
King, Wm. S.
23 South Calvert St., Baltimore.
Leary, J. F.
Rock Hall, Md.
Maisch, Henry
Penna. and Lafayette Aves., Balto.
Mansfield, Sam’l
Baltimore and Schroeder Sts., Balto.
McKinney, Rob’t S.
Taneytown, Md.
Merrick, W. S.
Trappe, Md.
Metzger, D. Ross
Frostburg, Md.
Muth, Geo. L.
15 E. Fayette St., Baltimore.
Muth, John C.
15 “ “
Muth, John S.
15 “ “ “ “
Muth, M. Joseph
15 “ “ “ “
Pearce, Geo. E.
Frostburg, Md.
PiLSON, A. O.
1329 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore.
Powell, W. C.
Snow Hill, Md.
Powell, Zodoch
(( fi tt
Redden, Chas. H.
Denton, Md.
Richardson, Thos. L.
Huntington Ave. and Oak St., Balto.
Rowens, W. E.
Wye Mills, Md.
Schley, Steiner
Frederick, Md.
Schmidt, Charles
Pratt and Hanover Sts., Baltimore.
Schrader, August
Elliott and Curley Sts., Baltimore.
Schulze, Louis
631 S. Patterson Park Ave., Baltimore.
Schwartz, J. W.
Walbrook.
Shryer, Thomas W.
Cumberland, Md.
Simon, William, M. D.,
Catonsville, Md.
Smith, Geo. F.
Sharpsburg, Md.
Smith, G. G.
43 S. Strieker St., Baltimore.
Smith. T. W.
Ridgely, Md.
Stam, Colin F.
Chestertown, Md.
Steiner, Henry R.
Frederick, Md.
Stutt, j. Henry
Eastern Ave. and Dallas St., Balto.
SuDLER, Thomas, M. D.,
Baltimore and Harrison Sts., Balto.
Thomas, John B.
Baltimore and Light Sts., Baltimore.
Thompson, Albert E.
ii ti (( (( ((
Maryland State Pharmaceutical Association.
83-
Thompsen, Alonzo L.
Thompsen, Herman I.
Thomsen, J. J. Jr.
Truitt, Geo. W.
Van De Vanter, R. L.
Ware, Charles H.
Watts, C. C.
Weisel, John M.
Werckshagen, Otto
Westcott, j. W.
Whareham, E. a.
Whitworth, Richard H.
Wicks, T. W.
WiNKELMANN, JOHN H.
Worthington, Eugene
ZWANZGER, J. H.
i6 W. German St., Baltimore.
ti H H (t
<< (( H it
Salisbury, Md.
Hagerstown, Md.
Madison Ave. and Bloom St., Balto.
Hagerstown, Md.
Madison Ave. & Hoffman St., Balto..
258 W. Biddle St., Baltimore.
423 N. Charles St., Baltimore.
Hagerstown, Md.
Westernport, Md.
Chestertown, Md.
31 Hopkins Place, Baltimore.
Annapolis, Md.
Lombard St. & Carrollton Ave., Balto..
84
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Junket a dainty delicacy for an artistic dessert —
Junket is an ideal health food for invalids and children,
Junket Tablets are put up in small wooden boxes, lo tablets in box and retailed at lo cents.
Chr. Hansen’s Coco-Rennet Tablets
at 10 cents. ............
K
For Cheesemaking on the farm, use Chr, Hansen’s Rennet Tablets, Cheese
Color Tablets and Danish Batter Color for butter making.
Write for price-lists and for further particulars.
Chr. Hansen’s Laboratory, bos looi. LITTLE FALLS, N. Y.
90
SWINDELL BROS.,
10 and 12 E. LOMBARD STREET.
BAI.TI1VEORE:. BUD.
— MANUFACTURERS OF
PERr<JAER5’ •••
••• ••• "iB CMEMIJTJ’
QliASSWAf^E.
Lettered Flint ware and Perfumers’ Glass Stoppered ware a
specialty.
WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE AND SAMPLES.
ONLY SURE CURE FOR PILES.
If you have never handled Rudy’s Pile Suppository, and de¬
sire to do so, it will pay you to write at once, and send me the name of
your Jobbing House, and I will send to you in their care, FREE of
all Charges, Two (2) Boxes of Rudy’s Pile Suppositories,
which retail at 50 cents each, with Free Samples, a Neat Metal Sign,
etc. They are now sold and recommended by over 5,000 Druggists in
this country, so you need not hesitate to place confidence in them.
- MANUFACTURED BY -
MARTIN RCIDY, Keq. Pmarmacijt,
91
A LIQUID MALT EXTRACT.
-• -PAIATABLEAS-WELL AS---
-A.SSOXj-CJ-'X’SXj-Z- ^=‘CrS2,^.
THE BRAUNSCHVVEIQER MUnHE is made from roasted malt, by a pro¬
cess of natural fermentation, which
produces a pleasant, hig-hly nourishing malt extract containing the smallest percentage of
alcohol and the largest amount of extract of any liquid malt on the market. An effective
Tonic and at the same time a mild stimulant, it is tolerated by the weakest stomach and is a
substitute for solid food in cases of acute disease, and a valuable aid to digestion in all chronic
conditions indicating mal-assimilation of food. Nursing mothers, convalescents, and victims
of insomnia or nervous disorders resulting from impaired digestion or overvvork, will find
that Braunschweiger Mumme taken wdth each me^ will stimulate digestion, while taken
before retiring will induce quiet, restful sleep. It preserves and strengthens the well and
restores the sick. bottled for sale and delivered anywhere by ^
The Long Island Bottling Co.,
280-284 BERGEN STREET, BROOKLYN, N. Y.
MESSRS. MACK & CO., SAN FRANCISCO, CAL., SELLING AGENTS.
92
IPure Chemicals. = =
We call attenticm to the full line of pure
chemicals manufactured by us, among them:
r'nr'oi'n A in handsome, well-defined crystals, unsurpassed for
n^'UlUUllUraiCf purity and appearance.
Purified Cllloroforni prepared for inhalation, and absolutely
Afifi LABEL, hard crystals, remaining white, free from tarry
KjAL UUllC AdVlf matter, a superior article for dispensing purposes.
T^lCirintll very white, bulky powder, free from Arsenic, Lead, An-
iJiollIUlil OUUUill timony, and other contaminations.
r^iflYlflP prepared in accordance with the U. S. Pharmacopceia and
.11 j ul Vll illUAlU.V9 unsurpassed for purity, strength and keeping qualities.
CHEMICALLY PURE ACIDS, IODIDES, BROMIDES, PURE GRANULATED
SALTS, CALOMEL, CORROSIVE SUBLIMATE AND OTHER MER¬
CURIALS, SALICYLATE SODIUM, ETHERS. EtC-
We are endeavoring to excel in the purity of our products. Careful pharmacists are re¬
quested to satisfy themselves of the superior quality of “ MALLINCKRODT’S” chemicals by a
critical examination, and to lend their support by specifying “ MALLINCKROOT’S ” when
ordering, and aUowing no substitution of other brands. All druggists can supply
“ MALLINCKROOT’S ” chemicals as low as other good brands.
MALLINCKRODT CHIMICAL WORKS,
ST. LOUIS AND NEW YORK.
JAMES GETTY, President,
SAM’L CHILDS, Sec’y. and Treas.
. . . . . .
^‘(5” (3^1 J^atixcfaoiuTiriQ (^o.,
REFINED OILS & LUBRICANTS,
WORKS,
HIGHLANDTOWN, MD.
P. 0. BOX 11.
No. 38 S, CALVERT ST.,
93
DR. D. JAYffE’S - -
MniLT nEDIClNE5.
For nearly three-quarters of a century the chief reliance for the cure of
every day ailments, especially in emergencies when the ser¬
vices of a physician cannot immediately be obtained.
FynPrlnrant coughs, Colds, croup. Asthma, Bron-
- r^HuV - ! chitis. Consumption, &c. Can be had in
Half-Size, Half-Dollar Bottles now, as well as the Standard One
Dollar size. This change has had the effect of greatly stimulating sales.
VfirmifUfiP used quite as generally as a Strength-
- S— ! Giver as for a destroyer of worms. It
can be taken with safety by frail, sickly children or delicate women as
well as Dyspeptic men and the aged and infirm.
Jayne’s Carminative Balsam.
Cholera-Morbus, &c.
Is an almost certain cure for Cramps^
Colic, Summer Complaint, Diarrhoea
Jayne’
S Alt6r3tiV6 superior and few equals as a Blood
— ;t - ! Medicine. It cures Scrofula, Goitre, Dropsy
Numbers of
Salt Rheum and all Diseases of the skin and Bones
cases of Virulent Cancer have been cured by it.
Jayne’s liniment, a most effective Counter-Irritant.
Cures Biliousness and Constipation and
set the system right.
Restores the Scalp to healthy action and
makes the Hair grow.
PREPARED ONLY BY
DR. D. JAYNE & SON,
INDEX.
Address, Commendatory . 76'
“ President’s Annual . u
Advertisements . 84
Aminol . 54.
Aughinbaugh^ D, C, Report as delegate . . . 72
Aydy Dr. John, Answer to query ii . . 73
Balsam Tolu as pill excipient . 57
Blades, G. Clinton, Paper . 63
Cactus Grandiflorus, Paper . 62
Caspari, Charles, Answer to query 3 . 19.
Chlorolin . 54
Committee on Legislation, Report of . 23
“ “ Pharmacy, ” “ . 51
“ “ Nominations, “ “ . 75
President’s Address “ “ . 74
Committees, List of . 3
Communications, C. S. N. Hallberg . 77
Creosote Syrup . 57
Delegates, List of . 4
“ to Penna. Asst., Report of . 72
Dialized Fluid Extracts of Green Herbs . 59
Discussions on Legislation . 34
Dispensaries and Charity Hospitals . 50
Emich, C. V., Answer to query 8 . 66
Election of officers . 75
Formalin . 54
Frames, J. Fuller, Answer to query 5 . 65
George, C. T., Penna., Address . 8
^ Guaiacol, New Salts of. . 58
Guaiacol Phosphite . 54
Hancock, J. F., Report Board of Pharmacy . 43
Hallberg, C. S. N., Communication . . 77
Hoffstetter, Louis, Answer to query 9 . 67
How to be charitable without producing pauperism . 48
Ichthyol Incompatibles . 56
Ingestol . 56
lodogene . 57
Is it possible for the Pharmacist to manufacture his own fluid
extracts? . 66
Law Proposed . 26
List of Members . 81
“ “ Officers . 2
Luteol . 59
McKinney, R. S., Answer to Query 4 . 50
Medicated Waters per diffusion . 60
Members, list of . 8r
“ New . 10
Mercury Acetanilid . 56
Minutes . 5—80
Neurodin . 55
New Element . 52
New Members . 10
Officers, List of . , . . . 2
“ Past, list of . 2
Osier, Dr. fFw., Address . 6
Past Officers . 2
Peptinized Iron, solution of . 58
Pharmaceutical Assaying, Growing importance of . 70
Proposed Law . 26
Redsecker, J. H., Penna., Address . 7
Relationship between the Medical profession and our own . 73
Repercolation in Official Pharmacy . 53
Salactol . 55
Sams, Conway W., Address . 32
Schulze, Lotus, Answer to Query 6 . 68
Secretary’s Report . 17
Senna, Relative use of different varieties . 67
Should the Pharmacist abandon manufacturing . 19
State Boards, Should they issue interchangeable certificates ?.. .. 68
Suppositories without ice . 56
Syrup Tolu, Can formula be improved? . 63
Syrup of Wild Cherry. Is process Satisfactory?. . 65
Thyroid Extract . 53
Ware, Chas. H., Paper . 48
Zinc, Subgallate, . 55
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